# CHisAgent: A Multi-Agent Framework for Event Taxonomy Construction in Ancient Chinese Cultural Systems

arXiv: https://arxiv.org/abs/2601.05520 · HTML: https://mlsanity.com/paper/2601.05520/

## Key facts

- Cited by 1 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026).
- Placed in Multimodal and embodied agents, one of 16 directions in LLM agents and tool use.
- Builds on 18 of its 38 references that are in the map.
- First posted on arXiv 9 Jan 2026.

## Placed in

- LLM agents and tool use / [Multimodal and embodied agents](https://mlsanity.com/agents/multimodal-and-embodied-agents/)

## Builds on (most cited first, 18 of 18)

- [BERTopic: Neural topic modeling with a class-based TF-IDF procedure](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2203.05794/) (2022)
- [Emma-X: An Embodied Multimodal Action Model with Grounded Chain of Thought and Look-ahead Spatial Reasoning](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2412.11974/) (2024)
- [HiExpan: Task-Guided Taxonomy Construction by Hierarchical Tree Expansion](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1910.08194/) (2019)
- [TaxoCom: Topic Taxonomy Completion with Hierarchical Discovery of Novel Topic Clusters](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2201.06771/) (2022)
- [SetExpan: Corpus-Based Set Expansion via Context Feature Selection and Rank Ensemble](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1910.08192/) (2019)
- [TaxoAdapt: Aligning LLM-Based Multidimensional Taxonomy Construction to Evolving Research Corpora](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2506.10737/) (2025)
- [Constructing Taxonomies from Pretrained Language Models](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2010.12813/) (2020)
- [Prompting or Fine-tuning? A Comparative Study of Large Language Models for Taxonomy Construction](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2309.01715/) (2023)
- [CULEMO: Cultural Lenses on Emotion -- Benchmarking LLMs for Cross-Cultural Emotion Understanding](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2503.10688/) (2025)
- [Time-Aware Ancient Chinese Text Translation and Inference](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2107.03179/) (2021)
- [Time Travel: A Comprehensive Benchmark to Evaluate LMMs on Historical and Cultural Artifacts](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2502.14865/) (2025)
- [CodeTaxo: Enhancing Taxonomy Expansion with Limited Examples via Code Language Prompts](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2408.09070/) (2024)
- [Large Language Models for Scholarly Ontology Generation: An Extensive Analysis in the Engineering Field](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2412.08258/) (2024)
- [A Unified Taxonomy-Guided Instruction Tuning Framework for Entity Set Expansion and Taxonomy Expansion](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2402.13405/) (2024)
- [An Investigation into Value Misalignment in LLM-Generated Texts for Cultural Heritage](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2501.02039/) (2025)
- [CHisIEC: An Information Extraction Corpus for Ancient Chinese History](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2403.15088/) (2024)
- [LLMTaxo: Leveraging Large Language Models for Constructing Taxonomy of Factual Claims from Social Media](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2504.12325/) (2025)
- [Extending an Event-type Ontology: Adding Verbs and Classes Using Fine-tuned LLMs Suggestions](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2306.02130/) (2023)

## Built on by (most cited first, 1 of 1)

- [SPARROW: Scalable Taxonomy Induction via Structure-Preserving Partitioning and Constraint-Guided Merging](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2609.07307/) (2026)

## Abstract (arXiv)

Despite strong performance on many tasks, large language models (LLMs) show limited ability in historical and cultural reasoning, particularly in non-English contexts such as Chinese history. Taxonomic structures offer an effective mechanism to organize historical knowledge and improve understanding. However, manual taxonomy construction is costly and difficult to scale. Therefore, we propose CHisAgent, a multi-agent LLM framework for historical taxonomy construction in ancient Chinese contexts. CHisAgent decomposes taxonomy construction into three role-specialized stages: a bottom-up textitInducer that derives an initial hierarchy from raw historical corpora, a top-down textitExpander that introduces missing intermediate concepts using LLM world knowledge, and an evidence-guided textitEnricher that integrates external structured historical resources to ensure faithfulness. Using the textitTwenty-Four Histories, we construct a large-scale, domain-aware event taxonomy covering politics, military, diplomacy, and social life in ancient China. Extensive reference-free and reference-based evaluations demonstrate improved structural coherence and coverage, while further analysis shows that the resulting taxonomy supports cross-cultural alignment.