# Beyond Physical Labels: Redefining Domains for Robust WiFi-based Gesture Recognition

arXiv: https://arxiv.org/abs/2601.03825 · HTML: https://mlsanity.com/paper/2601.03825/

## Key facts

- Cited by 1 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026).
- Builds on 13 of its 58 references that are in the map.
- First posted on arXiv 7 Jan 2026.

## Builds on (most cited first, 13 of 13)

- [Unsupervised Domain Adaptation by Backpropagation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1409.7495/) (2014)
- [Domain Generalization: A Survey](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2103.02503/) (2021)
- [SelfReg: Self-supervised Contrastive Regularization for Domain Generalization](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2104.09841/) (2021)
- [Domain Adversarial Neural Networks for Domain Generalization: When It Works and How to Improve](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2102.03924/) (2021)
- [RF-Diffusion: Radio Signal Generation via Time-Frequency Diffusion](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2404.09140/) (2024)
- [DIVERSIFY: A General Framework for Time Series Out-of-distribution Detection and Generalization](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2308.02282/) (2023)
- [Joint Activity Recognition and Indoor Localization with WiFi Fingerprints](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1904.04964/) (2019)
- [WiGest: A Ubiquitous WiFi-based Gesture Recognition System](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1501.04301/) (2015)
- [WiOpen: A Robust Wi-Fi-based Open-set Gesture Recognition Framework](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2402.00822/) (2024)
- [RFBoost: Understanding and Boosting Deep WiFi Sensing via Physical Data Augmentation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2410.07230/) (2024)
- [FarSense: Pushing the Range Limit of WiFi-based Respiration Sensing with CSI Ratio of Two Antennas](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1907.03994/) (2019)
- [Wital: A COTS WiFi Devices Based Vital Signs Monitoring System Using NLOS Sensing Model](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2305.14490/) (2023)
- [CamLoPA: A Hidden Wireless Camera Localization Framework via Signal Propagation Path Analysis](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2409.15169/) (2024)

## Built on by (most cited first, 1 of 1)

- [Untangling the Geometry and Speed for RF Sensing Spectrograms](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2609.26960/) (2026)

## Abstract (arXiv)

In this paper, we propose GesFi, a novel WiFi-based gesture recognition system that introduces WiFi latent domain mining to redefine domains directly from the data itself. GesFi first processes raw sensing data collected from WiFi receivers using CSI-ratio denoising, Short-Time Fast Fourier Transform, and visualization techniques to generate standardized input representations. It then employs class-wise adversarial learning to suppress gesture semantic and leverages unsupervised clustering to automatically uncover latent domain factors responsible for distributional shifts. These latent domains are then aligned through adversarial learning to support robust cross-domain generalization. Finally, the system is applied to the target environment for robust gesture inference. We deployed GesFi under both single-pair and multi-pair settings using commodity WiFi transceivers, and evaluated it across multiple public datasets and real-world environments. Compared to state-of-the-art baselines, GesFi achieves up to 78% and 50% performance improvements over existing adversarial methods, and consistently outperforms prior generalization approaches across most cross-domain tasks.