# REE-TTT: Highly Adaptive Radar Echo Extrapolation Based on Test-Time Training

arXiv: https://arxiv.org/abs/2601.01605 · HTML: https://mlsanity.com/paper/2601.01605/

## Key facts

- No citing papers in the map yet (data through 14 Oct 2026).
- Builds on 22 of its 42 references that are in the map.
- First posted on arXiv 4 Jan 2026.

## Builds on (most cited first, 22 of 22)

- [Masked Autoencoders Are Scalable Vision Learners](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2111.06377/) (2021)
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- [Convolutional LSTM Network: A Machine Learning Approach for Precipitation Nowcasting](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1506.04214/) (2015)
- [Real-ESRGAN: Training Real-World Blind Super-Resolution with Pure Synthetic Data](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2107.10833/) (2021)
- [Learning to (Learn at Test Time): RNNs with Expressive Hidden States](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2407.04620/) (2024)
- [Test-Time Training with Masked Autoencoders](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2209.07522/) (2022)
- [Focal Frequency Loss for Image Reconstruction and Synthesis](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2012.12821/) (2020)
- [Disentangling Physical Dynamics from Unknown Factors for Unsupervised Video Prediction](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2003.01460/) (2020)
- [SimVP: Simpler yet Better Video Prediction](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2206.05099/) (2022)
- [PredRNN: A Recurrent Neural Network for Spatiotemporal Predictive Learning](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2103.09504/) (2021)
- [TEA: Temporal Excitation and Aggregation for Action Recognition](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2004.01398/) (2020)
- [Memory In Memory: A Predictive Neural Network for Learning Higher-Order Non-Stationarity from Spatiotemporal Dynamics](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1811.07490/) (2018)
- [Temporal Attention Unit: Towards Efficient Spatiotemporal Predictive Learning](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2206.12126/) (2022)
- [DiffCast: A Unified Framework via Residual Diffusion for Precipitation Nowcasting](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2312.06734/) (2023)
- [VMRNN: Integrating Vision Mamba and LSTM for Efficient and Accurate Spatiotemporal Forecasting](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2403.16536/) (2024)
- [SwinLSTM:Improving Spatiotemporal Prediction Accuracy using Swin Transformer and LSTM](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2308.09891/) (2023)
- [A review of radar-based nowcasting of precipitation and applicable machine learning techniques](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2005.04988/) (2020)
- [Earthfarseer: Versatile Spatio-Temporal Dynamical Systems Modeling in One Model](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2312.08403/) (2023)
- [TempEE: Temporal-Spatial Parallel Transformer for Radar Echo Extrapolation Beyond Auto-Regression](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2304.14131/) (2023)
- [A Novel Transformer Network with Shifted Window Cross-Attention for Spatiotemporal Weather Forecasting](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2208.01252/) (2022)
- [A Machine Learning Nowcasting Method based on Real-time Reanalysis Data](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1609.04103/) (2016)

## Abstract (arXiv)

Precipitation nowcasting is critically important for meteorological forecasting. Deep learning-based Radar Echo Extrapolation (REE) has become a predominant nowcasting approach, yet it suffers from poor generalization due to its reliance on high-quality local training data and static model parameters, limiting its applicability across diverse regions and extreme events. To overcome this, we propose REE-TTT, a novel model that incorporates an adaptive Test-Time Training (TTT) mechanism. The core of our model lies in the newly designed Spatio-temporal Test-Time Training (ST-TTT) block, which replaces the standard linear projections in TTT layers with task-specific attention mechanisms, enabling robust adaptation to non-stationary meteorological distributions and thereby significantly enhancing the feature representation of precipitation. Experiments under cross-regional extreme precipitation scenarios demonstrate that REE-TTT substantially outperforms state-of-the-art baseline models in prediction accuracy and generalization, exhibiting remarkable adaptability to data distribution shifts.