# CONSENT: A Negotiation Framework for Leveraging User Flexibility in Vehicle-to-Building Charging under Uncertainty

arXiv: https://arxiv.org/abs/2601.01581 · HTML: https://mlsanity.com/paper/2601.01581/

## Key facts

- Cited by 1 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026).
- Builds on 4 of its 34 references that are in the map.
- First posted on arXiv 4 Jan 2026.

## Builds on (most cited first, 4 of 4)

- [Smoothed Least-Laxity-First Algorithm for EV Charging](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2102.08610/) (2021)
- [Reserve Provision from Electric Vehicles: Aggregate Boundaries and Stochastic Model Predictive Control](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2406.07454/) (2024)
- [Control of Charging of Electric Vehicles through Menu-Based Pricing](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1609.09037/) (2016)
- [Reinforcement Learning-based Approach for Vehicle-to-Building Charging with Heterogeneous Agents and Long Term Rewards](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2502.18526/) (2025)

## Built on by (most cited first, 1 of 1)

- [Planning, Scheduling, and Behavior in EV Charging Systems: A Critical Survey and Trilemma Framework](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2605.21665/) (2026)

## Abstract (arXiv)

The growth of Electric Vehicles (EVs) creates a conflict in vehicle-to-building (V2B) settings between building operators, who face high energy costs from uncoordinated charging, and drivers, who prioritize convenience and a full charge. To resolve this, we propose a negotiation-based framework that, by design, guarantees voluntary participation, strategy-proofness, and budget feasibility. It transforms EV charging into a strategic resource by offering drivers a range of incentive-backed options for modest flexibility in their departure time or requested state of charge (SoC). Our framework is calibrated with user survey data and validated using real operational data from a commercial building and an EV manufacturer. Simulations show that our negotiation protocol creates a mutually beneficial outcome: lowering the building operator's costs by over 3.5% compared to an optimized, non-negotiating smart charging policy, while simultaneously reducing user charging expenses by 22% below the utility's retail energy rate. By aligning operator and EV user objectives, our framework provides a strategic bridge between energy and mobility systems, transforming EV charging from a source of operational friction into a platform for collaboration and shared savings.