# Text-Routed Sparse Mixture-of-Experts Model with Explanation and Temporal Alignment for Multi-Modal Sentiment Analysis

arXiv: https://arxiv.org/abs/2512.22741 · HTML: https://mlsanity.com/paper/2512.22741/

## Key facts

- No citing papers in the map yet (data through 14 Oct 2026).
- Placed in Multimodal MoE models, one of 12 directions in Mixture-of-experts.
- Builds on 15 of its 32 references that are in the map.
- First posted on arXiv 28 Dec 2025.

## Placed in

- Mixture-of-experts / [Multimodal MoE models](https://mlsanity.com/moe/multimodal-moe-models/)

## Builds on (most cited first, 15 of 15)

- [Attention Is All You Need](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1706.03762/) (2017)
- [BERT: Pre-training of Deep Bidirectional Transformers for Language Understanding](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1810.04805/) (2018)
- [LLaMA: Open and Efficient Foundation Language Models](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2302.13971/) (2023)
- [Qwen2.5-VL Technical Report](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2502.13923/) (2025)
- [Mamba: Linear-Time Sequence Modeling with Selective State Spaces](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2312.00752/) (2023)
- [Outrageously Large Neural Networks: The Sparsely-Gated Mixture-of-Experts Layer](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1701.06538/) (2017)
- [Transformers are SSMs: Generalized Models and Efficient Algorithms Through Structured State Space Duality](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2405.21060/) (2024)
- [VideoLLaMA 3: Frontier Multimodal Foundation Models for Image and Video Understanding](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2501.13106/) (2025)
- [Gated Attention for Large Language Models: Non-linearity, Sparsity, and Attention-Sink-Free](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2505.06708/) (2025)
- [Gated Fusion Network for Single Image Dehazing](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1804.00213/) (2018)
- [Make Acoustic and Visual Cues Matter: CH-SIMS v2.0 Dataset and AV-Mixup Consistent Module](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2209.02604/) (2022)
- [One Model for ALL: Low-Level Task Interaction Is a Key to Task-Agnostic Image Fusion](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2502.19854/) (2025)
- [Enriching Multimodal Sentiment Analysis through Textual Emotional Descriptions of Visual-Audio Content](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2412.10460/) (2024)
- [Unlocking Memorization in Large Language Models with Dynamic Soft Prompting](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2409.13853/) (2024)
- [Enhanced Multimodal Hate Video Detection via Channel-wise and Modality-wise Fusion](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2505.12051/) (2025)

## Abstract (arXiv)

Human-interaction-involved applications underscore the need for Multi-modal Sentiment Analysis (MSA). Although many approaches have been proposed to address the subtle emotions in different modalities, the power of explanations and temporal alignments is still underexplored. Thus, this paper proposes the Text-routed sparse mixture-of-Experts model with eXplanation and Temporal alignment for MSA (TEXT). TEXT first augments explanations for MSA via Multi-modal Large Language Models (MLLM), and then novelly aligns the epresentations of audio and video through a temporality-oriented neural network block. TEXT aligns different modalities with explanations and facilitates a new text-routed sparse mixture-of-experts with gate fusion. Our temporal alignment block merges the benefits of Mamba and temporal cross-attention. As a result, TEXT achieves the best performance cross four datasets among all tested models, including three recently proposed approaches and three MLLMs. TEXT wins on at least four metrics out of all six metrics. For example, TEXT decreases the mean absolute error to 0.353 on the CH-SIMS dataset, which signifies a 13.5% decrement compared with recently proposed approaches.