# Exchangeability and randomness for infinite and finite sequences

arXiv: https://arxiv.org/abs/2512.22162 · HTML: https://mlsanity.com/paper/2512.22162/

## Key facts

- Cited by 1 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026).
- First posted on arXiv 16 Dec 2025.

## Built on by (most cited first, 1 of 1)

- [Betting on Moments: Legendre Jumper Martingales for Online Exchangeability Testing](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2606.20859/) (2026)

## Abstract (arXiv)

Randomness (in the sense of being generated in an IID fashion) and exchangeability are standard assumptions in nonparametric statistics and machine learning, and relations between them have been a popular topic of research. This short paper draws the reader's attention to the fact that, while for infinite sequences of observations the two assumptions are almost indistinguishable, the difference between them becomes very significant for finite sequences of a given length.