# FuseFi: Combining Irregularly Sampled CSI from Diverse Communication Packets and Frequency Bands for Wi-Fi Sensing

arXiv: https://arxiv.org/abs/2512.22143 · HTML: https://mlsanity.com/paper/2512.22143/

## Key facts

- No citing papers in the map yet (data through 14 Oct 2026).
- Builds on 25 of its 70 references that are in the map.
- First posted on arXiv 14 Dec 2025.

## Builds on (most cited first, 25 of 25)

- [Recurrent Neural Networks for Multivariate Time Series with Missing Values](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1606.01865/) (2016)
- [Multi-Time Attention Networks for Irregularly Sampled Time Series](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2101.10318/) (2021)
- [GRU-ODE-Bayes: Continuous modeling of sporadically-observed time series](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1905.12374/) (2019)
- [Integrated Sensing and Communications: Towards Dual-functional Wireless Networks for 6G and Beyond](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2108.07165/) (2021)
- [MM-Fi: Multi-Modal Non-Intrusive 4D Human Dataset for Versatile Wireless Sensing](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2305.10345/) (2023)
- [SenseFi: A Library and Benchmark on Deep-Learning-Empowered WiFi Human Sensing](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2207.07859/) (2022)
- [SHARP: Environment and Person Independent Activity Recognition with Commodity IEEE 802.11 Access Points](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2103.09924/) (2021)
- [Integrated Sensing and Communication with Massive MIMO: A Unified Tensor Approach for Channel and Target Parameter Estimation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2401.01738/) (2024)
- [Finding the Missing Data: A BERT-inspired Approach Against Package Loss in Wireless Sensing](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2403.12400/) (2024)
- [Integrated Sensing and Communications: Recent Advances and Ten Open Challenges](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2305.00179/) (2023)
- [GaitFi: Robust Device-Free Human Identification via WiFi and Vision Multimodal Learning](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2208.14326/) (2022)
- [An Overview on IEEE 802.11bf: WLAN Sensing](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2310.17661/) (2023)
- [CSI-BERT2: A BERT-inspired Framework for Efficient CSI Prediction and Classification in Wireless Communication and Sensing](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2412.06861/) (2024)
- [Construct 3D Hand Skeleton with Commercial WiFi](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2312.15507/) (2023)
- [CSI-Bench: A Large-Scale In-the-Wild Dataset for Multi-task WiFi Sensing](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2505.21866/) (2025)
- [Exposing the CSI: A Systematic Investigation of CSI-based Wi-Fi Sensing Capabilities and Limitations](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2302.00992/) (2023)
- [IEEE 802.11bf: Toward Ubiquitous Wi-Fi Sensing](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2103.14918/) (2021)
- [KNN-MMD: Cross Domain Wireless Sensing via Local Distribution Alignment](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2412.04783/) (2024)
- [Characterizing Smart Home IoT Traffic in the Wild](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2001.08288/) (2020)
- [IoT Device Identification Based on Network Traffic Characteristics](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2212.08905/) (2022)
- [Self-Supervised Learning for WiFi CSI-Based Human Activity Recognition: A Systematic Study](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2308.02412/) (2023)
- [WiFi Physical Layer Stays Awake and Responds When it Should Not](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2301.00269/) (2022)
- [HiSAC: High-Resolution Sensing with Multiband Communication Signals](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2407.07023/) (2024)
- [RIS-based Physical Layer Security for Integrated Sensing and Communication: A Comprehensive Survey](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2503.17721/) (2025)
- [Baton: Compensate for Missing Wi-Fi Features for Practical Device-free Tracking](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2507.05597/) (2025)

## Abstract (arXiv)

Existing Wi-Fi sensing systems rely on injecting high-rate probing packets to extract channel state information (CSI), leading to communication degradation and limited deployment flexibility. Although Integrated Sensing and Communication (ISAC) is a promising direction, existing solutions still rely on auxiliary packet injection because they exploit only uniform CSI from a single frame type, discarding approximately 70% of naturally available packets. We present FuseFi, a novel Wi-Fi-based ISAC framework that directly exploits irregularly sampled CSI from diverse communication packets across multiple frequency bands, eliminating intrusive packet injection and introducing no sensing-specific communication overhead. FuseFi integrates a CSI sanitization pipeline to harmonize heterogeneous packets and remove burst-induced redundancy, together with a time-aware attention model that learns directly from non-uniform CSI sequences without resampling. We further introduce CommCSI-HAR, a new dataset with irregularly sampled CSI from real-world dual-band communication traffic. Extensive evaluations on this dataset and, separately, on four public sensing tasks across three benchmark datasets show that FuseFi achieves state-of-the-art accuracy with a compact model size, while fully preserving communication throughput.