# PRISM: A Personality-Driven Multi-Agent Framework for Social Media Simulation

arXiv: https://arxiv.org/abs/2512.19933 · HTML: https://mlsanity.com/paper/2512.19933/

## Key facts

- Cited by 2 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026).
- Placed in Social simulation and multi-agent debate, one of 16 directions in LLM agents and tool use.
- Builds on 12 of its 35 references that are in the map.
- First posted on arXiv 22 Dec 2025.

## Placed in

- LLM agents and tool use / [Social simulation and multi-agent debate](https://mlsanity.com/agents/social-simulation-and-multi-agent-debate/)

## Builds on (most cited first, 12 of 12)

- [Qwen3 Technical Report](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2505.09388/) (2025)
- [RoleLLM: Benchmarking, Eliciting, and Enhancing Role-Playing Abilities of Large Language Models](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2310.00746/) (2023)
- [Partially Observable Markov Decision Processes in Robotics: A Survey](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2209.10342/) (2022)
- [EQ-Bench: An Emotional Intelligence Benchmark for Large Language Models](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2312.06281/) (2023)
- [Y Social: an LLM-powered Social Media Digital Twin](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2408.00818/) (2024)
- [Large Language Model-driven Multi-Agent Simulation for News Diffusion Under Different Network Structures](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2410.13909/) (2024)
- [LL4G: Self-Supervised Dynamic Optimization for Graph-Based Personality Detection](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2504.02146/) (2025)
- [Rhythm of Opinion: A Hawkes-Graph Framework for Dynamic Propagation Analysis](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2504.15072/) (2025)
- [On Text-based Personality Computing: Challenges and Future Directions](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2212.06711/) (2022)
- [How Jungian Cognitive Functions Explain MBTI Type Prevalence in Computer Industry Careers](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2504.17248/) (2025)
- [Shannon's entropy and its Generalizations towards Statistics, Reliability and Information Science during 1948-2018](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1901.09779/) (2019)
- [Can Invisible Psychological Traits Organize Visible Network Structure? A Complex Network Analysis of Myers-Briggs Type Indicator-Based Interaction Patterns in Anonymous Social Networks](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2503.19704/) (2025)

## Built on by (most cited first, 2 of 2)

- [Semantic-Topological Graph Reasoning for Language-Guided Pulmonary Screening](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2604.05620/) (2026)
- [Attention-Guided Flow-Matching for Sparse 3D Geological Generation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2604.09700/) (2026)

## Abstract (arXiv)

Traditional agent-based models (ABMs) of opinion dynamics often fail to capture the psychological heterogeneity driving online polarization due to simplistic homogeneity assumptions. This limitation obscures the critical interplay between individual cognitive biases and information propagation, thereby hindering a mechanistic understanding of how ideological divides are amplified. To address this challenge, we introduce the Personality-Refracted Intelligent Simulation Model (PRISM), a hybrid framework coupling stochastic differential equations (SDE) for continuous emotional evolution with a personality-conditional partially observable Markov decision process (PC-POMDP) for discrete decision-making. In contrast to continuous trait approaches, PRISM assigns distinct Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) based cognitive policies to multimodal large language model (MLLM) agents, initialized via data-driven priors from large-scale social media datasets. PRISM achieves superior personality consistency aligned with human ground truth, significantly outperforming standard homogeneous and Big Five benchmarks. This framework effectively replicates emergent phenomena such as rational suppression and affective resonance, offering a robust tool for analyzing complex social media ecosystems.