# Exploring Zero-Shot ACSA with Unified Meaning Representation in Chain-of-Thought Prompting

arXiv: https://arxiv.org/abs/2512.19651 · HTML: https://mlsanity.com/paper/2512.19651/

## Key facts

- No citing papers in the map yet (data through 14 Oct 2026).
- Placed in Prompting and chain-of-thought reasoning, one of 17 directions in LLM reasoning.
- Builds on 5 of its 12 references that are in the map.
- First posted on arXiv 22 Dec 2025.

## Placed in

- LLM reasoning / [Prompting and chain-of-thought reasoning](https://mlsanity.com/lr/prompting-and-chain-of-thought-reasoning/)

## Builds on (most cited first, 5 of 5)

- [Sentiment Analysis in the Era of Large Language Models: A Reality Check](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2305.15005/) (2023)
- [Reasoning Implicit Sentiment with Chain-of-Thought Prompting](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2305.11255/) (2023)
- [A Survey on Semantic Parsing](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1812.00978/) (2018)
- [Enhance Multi-domain Sentiment Analysis of Review Texts through Prompting Strategies](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2309.02045/) (2023)
- [Aspect-Based Sentiment Analysis for Open-Ended HR Survey Responses](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2402.04812/) (2024)

## Abstract (arXiv)

Aspect-Category Sentiment Analysis (ACSA) provides granular insights by identifying specific themes within reviews and their associated sentiment. While supervised learning approaches dominate this field, the scarcity and high cost of annotated data for new domains present significant barriers. We argue that leveraging large language models (LLMs) in a zero-shot setting is a practical alternative where resources for data annotation are limited. In this work, we propose a novel Chain-of-Thought (CoT) prompting technique that utilises an intermediate Unified Meaning Representation (UMR) to structure the reasoning process for the ACSA task. We evaluate this UMR-based approach against a standard CoT baseline across three models (Qwen3-4B, Qwen3-8B, and Gemini-2.5-Pro) and four diverse datasets. Our findings suggest that UMR effectiveness may be model-dependent. Whilst preliminary results indicate comparable performance for mid-sized models such as Qwen3-8B, these observations warrant further investigation, particularly regarding the potential applicability to smaller model architectures. Further research is required to establish the generalisability of these findings across different model scales.