# Toward Noise-Aware Audio Deepfake Detection: Survey, SNR-Benchmarks, and Practical Recipes

arXiv: https://arxiv.org/abs/2512.13744 · HTML: https://mlsanity.com/paper/2512.13744/

## Key facts

- Cited by 2 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026).
- Builds on 3 of its 22 references that are in the map.
- First posted on arXiv 15 Dec 2025.

## Builds on (most cited first, 3 of 3)

- [WavLM: Large-Scale Self-Supervised Pre-Training for Full Stack Speech Processing](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2110.13900/) (2021)
- [Scaling Speech Technology to 1,000+ Languages](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2305.13516/) (2023)
- [Automatic speaker verification spoofing and deepfake detection using wav2vec 2.0 and data augmentation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2202.12233/) (2022)

## Built on by (most cited first, 2 of 2)

- [What You Train Is What You Get: Gender Bias, Training Composition, and Post-Hoc Mitigation in Audio Deepfake Detection](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2607.09891/) (2026)
- [Time-Frequency Consistency Learning for Robust Speech Deepfake Detection](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2607.17761/) (2026)

## Abstract (arXiv)

Deepfake audio detection has progressed rapidly with strong pre-trained encoders (e.g., WavLM, Wav2Vec2, MMS). However, performance in realistic capture conditions - background noise (domestic/office/transport), room reverberation, and consumer channels - often lags clean-lab results. We survey and evaluate robustness for state-of-the-art audio deepfake detection models and present a reproducible framework that mixes MS-SNSD noises with ASVspoof 2021 DF utterances to evaluate under controlled signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs). SNR is a measured proxy for noise severity used widely in speech; it lets us sweep from near-clean (35 dB) to very noisy (-5 dB) to quantify graceful degradation. We study multi-condition training and fixed-SNR testing for pretrained encoders (WavLM, Wav2Vec2, MMS), reporting accuracy, ROC-AUC, and EER on binary and four-class (authenticity x corruption) tasks. In our experiments, finetuning reduces EER by 10-15 percentage points at 10-0 dB SNR across backbones.