# Artificial Intelligence / Human Intelligence: Who Controls Whom?

arXiv: https://arxiv.org/abs/2512.04131 · HTML: https://mlsanity.com/paper/2512.04131/

## Key facts

- No citing papers in the map yet (data through 14 Oct 2026).
- Builds on 9 of its 43 references that are in the map.
- First posted on arXiv 3 Dec 2025.

## Builds on (most cited first, 9 of 9)

- [Semantics derived automatically from language corpora contain human-like biases](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1608.07187/) (2016)
- [The Reversal Curse: LLMs trained on "A is B" fail to learn "B is A"](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2309.12288/) (2023)
- [Fairness in Machine Learning: Lessons from Political Philosophy](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1712.03586/) (2017)
- [Beyond Functional Correctness: Exploring Hallucinations in LLM-Generated Code](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2404.00971/) (2024)
- [(A)I Am Not a Lawyer, But...: Engaging Legal Experts towards Responsible LLM Policies for Legal Advice](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2402.01864/) (2024)
- [Exploring the Deceptive Power of LLM-Generated Fake News: A Study of Real-World Detection Challenges](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2403.18249/) (2024)
- [LLM-Generated Black-box Explanations Can Be Adversarially Helpful](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2405.06800/) (2024)
- [A Novel Nuanced Conversation Evaluation Framework for Large Language Models in Mental Health](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2403.09705/) (2024)
- [Sleeper Social Bots: a new generation of AI disinformation bots are already a political threat](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2408.12603/) (2024)

## Abstract (arXiv)

Using the example of the film 2001: A Space Odyssey, this chapter illustrates the challenges posed by an AI capable of making decisions that go against human interests. But are human decisions always rational and ethical? In reality, the cognitive decision-making process is influenced by cognitive biases that affect our behavior and choices. AI not only reproduces these biases, but can also exploit them, with the potential to shape our decisions and judgments. Behind IA algorithms, there are sometimes individuals who show little concern for fundamental rights and impose their own rules. To address the ethical and societal challenges raised by AI and its governance, the regulation of digital platforms and education are keys levers. Regulation must reflect ethical, legal, and political choices, while education must strengthen digital literacy and teach people to make informed and critical choices when facing digital technologies.