# An AI-Enabled Hybrid Cyber-Physical Framework for Adaptive Control in Smart Grids

arXiv: https://arxiv.org/abs/2511.21590 · HTML: https://mlsanity.com/paper/2511.21590/

## Key facts

- No citing papers in the map yet (data through 14 Oct 2026).
- Builds on 2 of its 38 references that are in the map.
- First posted on arXiv 26 Nov 2025.

## Builds on (most cited first, 2 of 2)

- [Edge Intelligence: The Confluence of Edge Computing and Artificial Intelligence](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1909.00560/) (2019)
- [Cyber-Security in Smart Grid: Survey and Challenges](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1809.02609/) (2018)

## Abstract (arXiv)

Evolving smart grids require flexible and adaptive control methods. A harmonized hybrid cyber-physical framework, which considers both physical and cyber layers and ensures adaptability, is one of the critical challenges to enable sustainable and scalable smart grids. This paper proposes a three-layer (physical, cyber, control) architecture, with an energy management system as the core of the system. Adaptive Dynamic Programming(ADP) and Artificial Intelligence-based optimization techniques are used for sustainability and scalability. The deployment is considered under two contingencies: Cloud Independent and cloud-assisted. They allow us to test the proposed model under a low-latency localized decision scenario and also under a centralized control scenario. The architecture is simulated on a standard IEEE 33-Bus system, yielding positive results. The proposed framework can ensure grid stability, optimize dispatch, and respond to ever-changing grid dynamics.