# International AI Safety Report 2025: Second Key Update: Technical Safeguards and Risk Management

arXiv: https://arxiv.org/abs/2511.19863 · HTML: https://mlsanity.com/paper/2511.19863/

## Key facts

- Cited by 4 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026).
- First posted on arXiv 25 Nov 2025.

## Built on by (most cited first, 4 of 4)

- [Safety in Embodied AI: A Survey of Risks, Attacks, and Defenses](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2605.02900/) (2026)
- [I must delete the evidence: AI Agents Explicitly Cover up Fraud and Violent Crime](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2604.02500/) (2026)
- [RuleEdit: Failure-Guided Human-AI Model Editing with Prospective Impact Preview](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2606.00011/) (2026)
- [Unsafe at any AUC: Unlearned Lessons from Sociotechnical Disasters for Responsible AI](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2607.14353/) (2026)

## Abstract (arXiv)

This second update to the 2025 International AI Safety Report assesses new developments in general-purpose AI risk management over the past year. It examines how researchers, public institutions, and AI developers are approaching risk management for general-purpose AI. In recent months, for example, three leading AI developers applied enhanced safeguards to their new models, as their internal pre-deployment testing could not rule out the possibility that these models could be misused to help create biological weapons. Beyond specific precautionary measures, there have been a range of other advances in techniques for making AI models and systems more reliable and resistant to misuse. These include new approaches in adversarial training, data curation, and monitoring systems. In parallel, institutional frameworks that operationalise and formalise these technical capabilities are starting to emerge: the number of companies publishing Frontier AI Safety Frameworks more than doubled in 2025, and governments and international organisations have established a small number of governance frameworks for general-purpose AI, focusing largely on transparency and risk assessment.