# MAGMA-Edu: Multi-Agent Generative Multimodal Framework for Text-Diagram Educational Question Generation

arXiv: https://arxiv.org/abs/2511.18714 · HTML: https://mlsanity.com/paper/2511.18714/

## Key facts

- No citing papers in the map yet (data through 14 Oct 2026).
- Placed in VLM benchmarks and visual reasoning, one of 16 directions in Multimodal LLMs / vision-language models.
- Builds on 15 of its 55 references that are in the map.
- First posted on arXiv 24 Nov 2025.

## Placed in

- Multimodal LLMs / vision-language models / [VLM benchmarks and visual reasoning](https://mlsanity.com/mllm/vlm-benchmarks-and-visual-reasoning/)
- LLM agents and tool use / [Multimodal and embodied agents](https://mlsanity.com/agents/multimodal-and-embodied-agents/)

## Builds on (most cited first, 15 of 15)

- [GPT-4o System Card](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2410.21276/) (2024)
- [HunyuanImage 3.0 Technical Report](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2509.23951/) (2025)
- [Agentic Reasoning: A Streamlined Framework for Enhancing LLM Reasoning with Agentic Tools](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2502.04644/) (2025)
- [EduChat: A Large-Scale Language Model-based Chatbot System for Intelligent Education](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2308.02773/) (2023)
- [Empowering Personalized Learning through a Conversation-based Tutoring System with Student Modeling](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2403.14071/) (2024)
- [MEDCO: Medical Education Copilots Based on A Multi-Agent Framework](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2408.12496/) (2024)
- [Theorem-Validated Reverse Chain-of-Thought Problem Generation for Geometric Reasoning](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2410.17885/) (2024)
- [MathAgent: Leveraging a Mixture-of-Math-Agent Framework for Real-World Multimodal Mathematical Error Detection](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2503.18132/) (2025)
- [LLM-powered Multi-agent Framework for Goal-oriented Learning in Intelligent Tutoring System](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2501.15749/) (2025)
- [Improving Automated Distractor Generation for Math Multiple-choice Questions with Overgenerate-and-rank](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2405.05144/) (2024)
- [MagicGeo: Training-Free Text-Guided Geometric Diagram Generation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2502.13855/) (2025)
- [RefCritic: Training Long Chain-of-Thought Critic Models with Refinement Feedback](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2507.15024/) (2025)
- [Knowledge Tagging with Large Language Model based Multi-Agent System](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2409.08406/) (2024)
- [Exploring Iterative Enhancement for Improving Learnersourced Multiple-Choice Question Explanations with Large Language Models](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2309.10444/) (2023)
- [From Answers to Questions: EQGBench for Evaluating LLMs' Educational Question Generation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2508.10005/) (2025)

## Abstract (arXiv)

Educational illustrations play a central role in communicating abstract concepts, yet current multimodal large language models (MLLMs) remain limited in producing pedagogically coherent and semantically consistent educational visuals. We introduce MAGMA-Edu, a self-reflective multi-agent framework that unifies textual reasoning and diagrammatic synthesis for structured educational problem generation. Unlike existing methods that treat text and image generation independently, MAGMA-Edu employs a two-stage co-evolutionary pipeline: (1) a generation-verification-reflection loop that iteratively refines question statements and solutions for mathematical accuracy, and (2) a code-based intermediate representation that enforces geometric fidelity and semantic alignment during image rendering. Both stages are guided by internal self-reflection modules that evaluate and revise outputs until domain-specific pedagogical constraints are met. Extensive experiments on multimodal educational benchmarks demonstrate the superiority of MAGMA-Edu over state-of-the-art MLLMs. Compared to GPT-4o, MAGMA-Edu improves the average textual metric from 57.01 to 92.31 (+35.3 pp) and boosts image-text consistency (ITC) from 13.20 to 85.24 (+72 pp). Across all model backbones, MAGMA-Edu achieves the highest scores (Avg-Text 96.20, ITC 99.12), establishing a new state of the art for multimodal educational content generation and demonstrating the effectiveness of self-reflective multi-agent collaboration in pedagogically aligned vision-language reasoning.