# AI-Assisted Writing Is Growing Fastest Among Less Established Scientists in Non-English-Speaking Countries

arXiv: https://arxiv.org/abs/2511.15872 · HTML: https://mlsanity.com/paper/2511.15872/

## Key facts

- Cited by 5 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026).
- First posted on arXiv 19 Nov 2025.

## Built on by (most cited first, 5 of 5)

- [Academic journals' AI policies fail to curb the surge in AI-assisted academic writing](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2512.06705/) (2025)
- [The Rise of Large Language Models and the Direction and Impact of US Federal Research Funding](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2601.15485/) (2026)
- [greCAPTCHA: Assessing Understanding as Evidence of Research Authorship Under Generative AI](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2609.20481/) (2026)
- [Scientific exploration, collaboration and labor division in the large language model era](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2607.20923/) (2026)
- [Lost in Translation: Measuring the Effect of Non-Native English on End User Performance of Large Language Models](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2609.36214/) (2026)

## Abstract (arXiv)

The recent emergence of AI-assisted writing raises an important question: how is this new technology being adopted across the scientific community, and how does adoption vary across linguistic and professional contexts? We analyze over two million full-text biomedical publications from PubMed Central from 2021 to 2024 using a distribution-based framework to estimate AI-generated content. We found that, in biomedical publications, AI-generated content increased substantially after ChatGPT, with larger increases in publications from countries with lower English proficiency. Increases were also greater among scientists with fewer publications and citations, those at earlier career stages, and those at lower-ranked institutions. Prior AI research experience was associated with greater increases in AI-assisted writing, which were also modestly associated with greater increases in publication productivity. These findings show that AI-assisted writing is growing fastest among biomedical scientists who may have historically faced barriers, a pattern with potentially positive implications for equity in science.