# A Hybrid CNN-ViT-GNN Framework with GAN-Based Augmentation for Intelligent Weed Detection in Precision Agriculture

arXiv: https://arxiv.org/abs/2511.15535 · HTML: https://mlsanity.com/paper/2511.15535/

## Key facts

- No citing papers in the map yet (data through 14 Oct 2026).
- Builds on 1 of its 24 references that are in the map.
- First posted on arXiv 19 Nov 2025.

## Builds on (most cited first, 1 of 1)

- [A Survey of Deep Learning Techniques for Weed Detection from Images](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2103.01415/) (2021)

## Abstract (arXiv)

The task of weed detection is an essential element of precision agriculture since accurate species identification allows a farmer to selectively apply herbicides and fits into sustainable agriculture crop management. This paper proposes a hybrid deep learning framework recipe for weed detection that utilizes Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs), Vision Transformers (ViTs), and Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) to build robustness to multiple field conditions. A Generative Adversarial Network (GAN)-based augmentation method was imposed to balance class distributions and better generalize the model. Further, a self-supervised contrastive pre-training method helps to learn more features from limited annotated data. Experimental results yield superior results with 99.33% accuracy, precision, recall, and F1-score on multi-benchmark datasets. The proposed model architecture enables local, global, and relational feature representations and offers high interpretability and adaptability. Practically, the framework allows real-time, efficient deployment to edge devices for automated weed detecting, reducing over-reliance on herbicides and providing scalable, sustainable precision-farming options.