# WildfireX-SLAM: A Large-scale Low-altitude RGB-D Dataset for Wildfire SLAM and Beyond

arXiv: https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.27133 · HTML: https://mlsanity.com/paper/2510.27133/

## Key facts

- No citing papers in the map yet (data through 14 Oct 2026).
- Builds on 18 of its 31 references that are in the map.
- First posted on arXiv 31 Oct 2025.

## Builds on (most cited first, 18 of 18)

- [3D Gaussian Splatting for Real-Time Radiance Field Rendering](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2308.04079/) (2023)
- [Gaussian Splatting SLAM](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2312.06741/) (2023)
- [SplaTAM: Splat, Track & Map 3D Gaussians for Dense RGB-D SLAM](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2312.02126/) (2023)
- [Virtual Worlds as Proxy for Multi-Object Tracking Analysis](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1605.06457/) (2016)
- [GS-SLAM: Dense Visual SLAM with 3D Gaussian Splatting](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2311.11700/) (2023)
- [Point-SLAM: Dense Neural Point Cloud-based SLAM](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2304.04278/) (2023)
- [The TUM VI Benchmark for Evaluating Visual-Inertial Odometry](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1804.06120/) (2018)
- [The Newer College Dataset: Handheld LiDAR, Inertial and Vision with Ground Truth](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2003.05691/) (2020)
- [4Seasons: A Cross-Season Dataset for Multi-Weather SLAM in Autonomous Driving](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2009.06364/) (2020)
- [Are We Ready for Service Robots? The OpenLORIS-Scene Datasets for Lifelong SLAM](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1911.05603/) (2019)
- [M2DGR: A Multi-sensor and Multi-scenario SLAM Dataset for Ground Robots](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2112.13659/) (2021)
- [BotanicGarden: A High-Quality Dataset for Robot Navigation in Unstructured Natural Environments](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2306.14137/) (2023)
- [The Hilti SLAM Challenge Dataset](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2109.11316/) (2021)
- [UrbanLoco: A Full Sensor Suite Dataset for Mapping and Localization in Urban Scenes](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1912.09513/) (2019)
- [SLOAM: Semantic Lidar Odometry and Mapping for Forest Inventory](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1912.12726/) (2019)
- [S3E: A Multi-Robot Multimodal Dataset for Collaborative SLAM](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2210.13723/) (2022)
- [FinnWoodlands Dataset](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2304.00793/) (2023)
- [FireFly A Synthetic Dataset for Ember Detection in Wildfire](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2308.03164/) (2023)

## Abstract (arXiv)

3D Gaussian splatting (3DGS) and its subsequent variants have led to remarkable progress in simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM). While most recent 3DGS-based SLAM works focus on small-scale indoor scenes, developing 3DGS-based SLAM methods for large-scale forest scenes holds great potential for many real-world applications, especially for wildfire emergency response and forest management. However, this line of research is impeded by the absence of a comprehensive and high-quality dataset, and collecting such a dataset over real-world scenes is costly and technically infeasible. To this end, we have built a large-scale, comprehensive, and high-quality synthetic dataset for SLAM in wildfire and forest environments. Leveraging the Unreal Engine 5 Electric Dreams Environment Sample Project, we developed a pipeline to easily collect aerial and ground views, including ground-truth camera poses and a range of additional data modalities from unmanned aerial vehicle. Our pipeline also provides flexible controls on environmental factors such as light, weather, and types and conditions of wildfire, supporting the need for various tasks covering forest mapping, wildfire emergency response, and beyond. The resulting pilot dataset, WildfireX-SLAM, contains 5.5k low-altitude RGB-D aerial images from a large-scale forest map with a total size of 16 km2. On top of WildfireX-SLAM, a thorough benchmark is also conducted, which not only reveals the unique challenges of 3DGS-based SLAM in the forest but also highlights potential improvements for future works. The dataset and code will be publicly available. Project page: https://zhicongsun.github.io/wildfirexslam.