# 4-Doodle: Text to 3D Sketches that Move!

arXiv: https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.25319 · HTML: https://mlsanity.com/paper/2510.25319/

## Key facts

- No citing papers in the map yet (data through 14 Oct 2026).
- Builds on 22 of its 30 references that are in the map.
- First posted on arXiv 29 Oct 2025.

## Builds on (most cited first, 22 of 22)

- [Learning Transferable Visual Models From Natural Language Supervision](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2103.00020/) (2021)
- [The Unreasonable Effectiveness of Deep Features as a Perceptual Metric](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1801.03924/) (2018)
- [Hierarchical Text-Conditional Image Generation with CLIP Latents](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2204.06125/) (2022)
- [3D Gaussian Splatting for Real-Time Radiance Field Rendering](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2308.04079/) (2023)
- [Adding Conditional Control to Text-to-Image Diffusion Models](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2302.05543/) (2023)
- [DreamFusion: Text-to-3D using 2D Diffusion](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2209.14988/) (2022)
- [Stable Video Diffusion: Scaling Latent Video Diffusion Models to Large Datasets](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2311.15127/) (2023)
- [MVDream: Multi-view Diffusion for 3D Generation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2308.16512/) (2023)
- [DreamGaussian: Generative Gaussian Splatting for Efficient 3D Content Creation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2309.16653/) (2023)
- [VideoCrafter2: Overcoming Data Limitations for High-Quality Video Diffusion Models](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2401.09047/) (2024)
- [CLAY: A Controllable Large-scale Generative Model for Creating High-quality 3D Assets](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2406.13897/) (2024)
- [Text-To-4D Dynamic Scene Generation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2301.11280/) (2023)
- [4D-fy: Text-to-4D Generation Using Hybrid Score Distillation Sampling](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2311.17984/) (2023)
- [Align Your Gaussians: Text-to-4D with Dynamic 3D Gaussians and Composed Diffusion Models](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2312.13763/) (2023)
- [3DTopia: Large Text-to-3D Generation Model with Hybrid Diffusion Priors](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2403.02234/) (2024)
- [Animate3D: Animating Any 3D Model with Multi-view Video Diffusion](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2407.11398/) (2024)
- [DiffSketcher: Text Guided Vector Sketch Synthesis through Latent Diffusion Models](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2306.14685/) (2023)
- [Breathing Life Into Sketches Using Text-to-Video Priors](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2311.13608/) (2023)
- [Learning Temporal Pose Estimation from Sparsely-Labeled Videos](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1906.04016/) (2019)
- [3Doodle: Compact Abstraction of Objects with 3D Strokes](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2402.03690/) (2024)
- [Sketch2Anim: Towards Transferring Sketch Storyboards into 3D Animation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2504.19189/) (2025)
- [Diff3DS: Generating View-Consistent 3D Sketch via Differentiable Curve Rendering](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2405.15305/) (2024)

## Abstract (arXiv)

We present a novel task: text-to-3D sketch animation, which aims to bring freeform sketches to life in dynamic 3D space. Unlike prior works focused on photorealistic content generation, we target sparse, stylized, and view-consistent 3D vector sketches, a lightweight and interpretable medium well-suited for visual communication and prototyping. However, this task is very challenging: (i) no paired dataset exists for text and 3D (or 4D) sketches; (ii) sketches require structural abstraction that is difficult to model with conventional 3D representations like NeRFs or point clouds; and (iii) animating such sketches demands temporal coherence and multi-view consistency, which current pipelines do not address. Therefore, we propose 4-Doodle, the first training-free framework for generating dynamic 3D sketches from text. It leverages pretrained image and video diffusion models through a dual-space distillation scheme: one space captures multi-view-consistent geometry using differentiable B'ezier curves, while the other encodes motion dynamics via temporally-aware priors. Unlike prior work (e.g., DreamFusion), which optimizes from a single view per step, our multi-view optimization ensures structural alignment and avoids view ambiguity, critical for sparse sketches. Furthermore, we introduce a structure-aware motion module that separates shape-preserving trajectories from deformation-aware changes, enabling expressive motion such as flipping, rotation, and articulated movement. Extensive experiments show that our method produces temporally realistic and structurally stable 3D sketch animations, outperforming existing baselines in both fidelity and controllability. We hope this work serves as a step toward more intuitive and accessible 4D content creation.