# A Configurable Simulation Framework for Safety Assessment of Vulnerable Road Users

arXiv: https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.19097 · HTML: https://mlsanity.com/paper/2510.19097/

## Key facts

- Cited by 1 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026).
- First posted on arXiv 21 Oct 2025.

## Built on by (most cited first, 1 of 1)

- [Beyond Fixed Thresholds and Domain-Specific Benchmarks for Explainable Multi-Task Classification in Autonomous Vehicles](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2605.04299/) (2026)

## Abstract (arXiv)

Ensuring the safety of vulnerable road users (VRUs), including pedestrians, cyclists, electric scooter riders, and motorcyclists, remains a major challenge for advanced driver assistance systems (ADAS) and connected and automated vehicles (CAV) technologies. Real-world VRU tests are expensive and sometimes cannot capture or repeat rare and hazardous events. In this paper, we present a lightweight, configurable simulation framework that follows European New Car Assessment Program (Euro NCAP) VRU testing protocols. A rule-based finite-state machine (FSM) is developed as a motion planner to provide vehicle automation during the VRU interaction. We also integrate ego-vehicle perception and idealized Vehicle-to-Everything (V2X) awareness to demonstrate safety margins in different scenarios. This work provides an extensible platform for rapid and repeatable VRU safety validation, paving the way for broader case-study deployment in diverse, user-defined settings, which will be essential for building a more VRU-friendly and sustainable intelligent transportation system.