# Ontolearn-A Framework for Large-scale OWL Class Expression Learning in Python

arXiv: https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.11561 · HTML: https://mlsanity.com/paper/2510.11561/

## Key facts

- Cited by 2 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026).
- Builds on 7 of its 24 references that are in the map.
- First posted on arXiv 13 Oct 2025.

## Builds on (most cited first, 7 of 7)

- [Llama 2: Open Foundation and Fine-Tuned Chat Models](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2307.09288/) (2023)
- [Knowledge Graphs](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2003.02320/) (2020)
- [Efficient Concept Induction for Description Logics](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1812.03243/) (2018)
- [EvoLearner: Learning Description Logics with Evolutionary Algorithms](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2111.04879/) (2021)
- [Learning Concept Lengths Accelerates Concept Learning in ALC](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2107.04911/) (2021)
- [Neural Class Expression Synthesis](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2111.08486/) (2021)
- [Learning Permutation-Invariant Embeddings for Description Logic Concepts](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2303.01844/) (2023)

## Built on by (most cited first, 2 of 2)

- [Neural Reasoning for Robust Instance Retrieval in SHOIQ](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2510.20457/) (2025)
- [Syntactic Simplification of OWL Class Expressions](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2608.18899/) (2026)

## Abstract (arXiv)

In this paper, we present Ontolearn-a framework for learning OWL class expressions over large knowledge graphs. Ontolearn contains efficient implementations of recent stateof-the-art symbolic and neuro-symbolic class expression learners including EvoLearner and DRILL. A learned OWL class expression can be used to classify instances in the knowledge graph. Furthermore, Ontolearn integrates a verbalization module based on an LLM to translate complex OWL class expressions into natural language sentences. By mapping OWL class expressions into respective SPARQL queries, Ontolearn can be easily used to operate over a remote triplestore. The source code of Ontolearn is available at https://github.com/dice-group/Ontolearn.