# TGM: a Modular and Efficient Library for Machine Learning on Temporal Graphs

arXiv: https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.07586 · HTML: https://mlsanity.com/paper/2510.07586/

## Key facts

- Cited by 3 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026).
- Builds on 35 of its 47 references that are in the map.
- First posted on arXiv 8 Oct 2025.

## Builds on (most cited first, 30 of 35)

- [Attention Is All You Need](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1706.03762/) (2017)
- [BERT: Pre-training of Deep Bidirectional Transformers for Language Understanding](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1810.04805/) (2018)
- [An Image is Worth 16x16 Words: Transformers for Image Recognition at Scale](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2010.11929/) (2020)
- [PyTorch: An Imperative Style, High-Performance Deep Learning Library](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1912.01703/) (2019)
- [Semi-Supervised Classification with Graph Convolutional Networks](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1609.02907/) (2016)
- [Graph Attention Networks](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1710.10903/) (2017)
- [Fast Graph Representation Learning with PyTorch Geometric](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1903.02428/) (2019)
- [Recipe for a General, Powerful, Scalable Graph Transformer](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2205.12454/) (2022)
- [A Generalization of Transformer Networks to Graphs](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2012.09699/) (2020)
- [Temporal Graph Networks for Deep Learning on Dynamic Graphs](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2006.10637/) (2020)
- [Inductive Representation Learning on Temporal Graphs](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2002.07962/) (2020)
- [EvolveGCN: Evolving Graph Convolutional Networks for Dynamic Graphs](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1902.10191/) (2019)
- [T-GCN: A Temporal Graph ConvolutionalNetwork for Traffic Prediction](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1811.05320/) (2018)
- [Spectral Temporal Graph Neural Network for Multivariate Time-series Forecasting](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2103.07719/) (2021)
- [Caffe: Convolutional Architecture for Fast Feature Embedding](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1408.5093/) (2014)
- [Representation Learning for Dynamic Graphs: A Survey](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1905.11485/) (2019)
- [Time2Vec: Learning a Vector Representation of Time](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1907.05321/) (2019)
- [Towards Better Dynamic Graph Learning: New Architecture and Unified Library](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2303.13047/) (2023)
- [Temporal Graph Benchmark for Machine Learning on Temporal Graphs](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2307.01026/) (2023)
- [ROLAND: Graph Learning Framework for Dynamic Graphs](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2208.07239/) (2022)
- [Towards Better Evaluation for Dynamic Link Prediction](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2207.10128/) (2022)
- [PyTorch Geometric Temporal: Spatiotemporal Signal Processing with Neural Machine Learning Models](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2104.07788/) (2021)
- [TGL: A General Framework for Temporal GNN Training on Billion-Scale Graphs](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2203.14883/) (2022)
- [Neighborhood-aware Scalable Temporal Network Representation Learning](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2209.01084/) (2022)
- [PyG 2.0: Scalable Learning on Real World Graphs](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2507.16991/) (2025)
- [TGB 2.0: A Benchmark for Learning on Temporal Knowledge Graphs and Heterogeneous Graphs](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2406.09639/) (2024)
- [Improving Temporal Link Prediction via Temporal Walk Matrix Projection](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2410.04013/) (2024)
- [Fast and Accurate Anomaly Detection in Dynamic Graphs with a Two-Pronged Approach](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2011.13085/) (2020)
- [Efficient Neural Common Neighbor for Temporal Graph Link Prediction](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2406.07926/) (2024)
- [DyGMamba: Efficiently Modeling Long-Term Temporal Dependency on Continuous-Time Dynamic Graphs with State Space Models](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2408.04713/) (2024)

## Built on by (most cited first, 3 of 3)

- [Forecasting Ionospheric Irregularities on GNSS Lines of Sight Using Dynamic Graphs with Ephemeris Conditioning](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2604.18379/) (2026)
- [Institutional Equity Holdings Prediction Using Node Affinities of Dynamic Graphs](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2607.12067/) (2026)
- [EdgeReMIND: A Scalable, Top-Ranked Memorization Baseline for Temporal Multi-Relational Link Prediction](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2609.17916/) (2026)

## Abstract (arXiv)

Well-designed open-source software drives progress in Machine Learning (ML) research. While static graph ML enjoys mature frameworks like PyTorch Geometric and DGL, ML for temporal graphs (TG), networks that evolve over time, lacks comparable infrastructure. Existing TG libraries are often tailored to specific architectures, hindering support for diverse models in this rapidly evolving field. Additionally, the divide between continuous- and discrete-time dynamic graph methods (CTDG and DTDG) limits direct comparisons and idea transfer. To address these gaps, we introduce Temporal Graph Modelling (TGM), a research-oriented library for ML on temporal graphs, the first to unify CTDG and DTDG approaches. TGM offers first-class support for dynamic node features, time-granularity conversions, and native handling of link-, node-, and graph-level tasks. Empirically, TGM achieves an average 7.8x speedup across multiple models, datasets, and tasks compared to the widely used DyGLib, and an average 175x speedup on graph discretization relative to available implementations. Beyond efficiency, we show in our experiments how TGM unlocks entirely new research possibilities by enabling dynamic graph property prediction and time-driven training paradigms, opening the door to questions previously impractical to study. TGM is available at https://github.com/tgm-team/tgm