# Label-Efficient Cross-Modality Generalization for Liver Segmentation in Multi-Phase MRI

arXiv: https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.04705 · HTML: https://mlsanity.com/paper/2510.04705/

## Key facts

- No citing papers in the map yet (data through 14 Oct 2026).
- Builds on 11 of its 22 references that are in the map.
- First posted on arXiv 6 Oct 2025.

## Builds on (most cited first, 11 of 11)

- [Semi-Supervised Semantic Segmentation with Cross Pseudo Supervision](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2106.01226/) (2021)
- [nnU-Net Revisited: A Call for Rigorous Validation in 3D Medical Image Segmentation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2404.09556/) (2024)
- [Medical Image Segmentation Review: The success of U-Net](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2211.14830/) (2022)
- [Medical SAM 2: Segment medical images as video via Segment Anything Model 2](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2408.00874/) (2024)
- [Bidirectional Copy-Paste for Semi-Supervised Medical Image Segmentation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2305.00673/) (2023)
- [The KiTS21 Challenge: Automatic segmentation of kidneys, renal tumors, and renal cysts in corticomedullary-phase CT](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2307.01984/) (2023)
- [STU-Net: Scalable and Transferable Medical Image Segmentation Models Empowered by Large-Scale Supervised Pre-training](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2304.06716/) (2023)
- [Constructing and Exploring Intermediate Domains in Mixed Domain Semi-supervised Medical Image Segmentation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2404.08951/) (2024)
- [A Reliable and Interpretable Framework of Multi-view Learning for Liver Fibrosis Staging](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2306.12054/) (2023)
- [MERIT: Multi-view evidential learning for reliable and interpretable liver fibrosis staging](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2405.02918/) (2024)
- [Towards Robust Natural-Looking Mammography Lesion Synthesis on Ipsilateral Dual-Views Breast Cancer Analysis](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2309.03506/) (2023)

## Abstract (arXiv)

Accurate liver segmentation in multi-phase MRI is vital for liver fibrosis assessment, yet labeled data is often scarce and unevenly distributed across imaging modalities and vendor systems. We propose a label-efficient segmentation approach that promotes cross-modality generalization under real-world conditions, where GED4 hepatobiliary-phase annotations are limited, non-contrast sequences (T1WI, T2WI, DWI) are unlabeled, and spatial misalignment and missing phases are common. Our method integrates a foundation-scale 3D segmentation backbone adapted via fine-tuning, co-training with cross pseudo supervision to leverage unlabeled volumes, and a standardized preprocessing pipeline. Without requiring spatial registration, the model learns to generalize across MRI phases and vendors, demonstrating robust segmentation performance in both labeled and unlabeled domains. Our results exhibit the effectiveness of our proposed label-efficient baseline for liver segmentation in multi-phase, multi-vendor MRI and highlight the potential of combining foundation model adaptation with co-training for real-world clinical imaging tasks.