# Q-FSRU: Quantum-Augmented Frequency-Spectral For Medical Visual Question Answering

arXiv: https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.23899 · HTML: https://mlsanity.com/paper/2509.23899/

## Key facts

- No citing papers in the map yet (data through 14 Oct 2026).
- Builds on 16 of its 21 references that are in the map.
- First posted on arXiv 28 Sep 2025.

## Builds on (most cited first, 16 of 16)

- [Attention Is All You Need](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1706.03762/) (2017)
- [Retrieval-Augmented Generation for Knowledge-Intensive NLP Tasks](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2005.11401/) (2020)
- [VQA: Visual Question Answering](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1505.00468/) (2015)
- [LXMERT: Learning Cross-Modality Encoder Representations from Transformers](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1908.07490/) (2019)
- [LLaVA-Med: Training a Large Language-and-Vision Assistant for Biomedicine in One Day](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2306.00890/) (2023)
- [Deep Modular Co-Attention Networks for Visual Question Answering](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1906.10770/) (2019)
- [Medical Visual Question Answering: A Survey](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2111.10056/) (2021)
- [Towards a Multimodal Large Language Model with Pixel-Level Insight for Biomedicine](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2412.09278/) (2024)
- [STLLaVA-Med: Self-Training Large Language and Vision Assistant for Medical Question-Answering](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2406.19973/) (2024)
- [MMVP: A Multimodal MoCap Dataset with Vision and Pressure Sensors](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2403.17610/) (2024)
- [LaPA: Latent Prompt Assist Model For Medical Visual Question Answering](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2404.13039/) (2024)
- [A Survey of Quantum Theory Inspired Approaches to Information Retrieval](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2007.04357/) (2020)
- [Frequency Spectrum is More Effective for Multimodal Representation and Fusion: A Multimodal Spectrum Rumor Detector](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2312.11023/) (2023)
- [Quantum-Brain: Quantum-Inspired Neural Network Approach to Vision-Brain Understanding](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2411.13378/) (2024)
- [Quantum-inspired Embeddings Projection and Similarity Metrics for Representation Learning](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2501.04591/) (2025)
- [FreqU-FNet: Frequency-Aware U-Net for Imbalanced Medical Image Segmentation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2505.17544/) (2025)

## Abstract (arXiv)

Solving tough clinical questions that require both image and text understanding is still a major challenge in healthcare AI. In this work, we propose Q-FSRU, a new model that combines Frequency Spectrum Representation and Fusion (FSRU) with a method called Quantum Retrieval-Augmented Generation (Quantum RAG) for medical Visual Question Answering (VQA). The model takes in features from medical images and related text, then shifts them into the frequency domain using Fast Fourier Transform (FFT). This helps it focus on more meaningful data and filter out noise or less useful information. To improve accuracy and ensure that answers are based on real knowledge, we add a quantum inspired retrieval system. It fetches useful medical facts from external sources using quantum-based similarity techniques. These details are then merged with the frequency-based features for stronger reasoning. We evaluated our model using the VQA-RAD dataset, which includes real radiology images and questions. The results showed that Q-FSRU outperforms earlier models, especially on complex cases needing image text reasoning. The mix of frequency and quantum information improves both performance and explainability. Overall, this approach offers a promising way to build smart, clear, and helpful AI tools for doctors.