# Generalizable Speech Deepfake Detection via Information Bottleneck Enhanced Adversarial Alignment

arXiv: https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.23618 · HTML: https://mlsanity.com/paper/2509.23618/

## Key facts

- Cited by 1 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026).
- Builds on 23 of its 29 references that are in the map.
- First posted on arXiv 28 Sep 2025.

## Builds on (most cited first, 23 of 23)

- [Attention Is All You Need](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1706.03762/) (2017)
- [Adam: A Method for Stochastic Optimization](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1412.6980/) (2014)
- [Domain-Adversarial Training of Neural Networks](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1505.07818/) (2015)
- [Deep Variational Information Bottleneck](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1612.00410/) (2016)
- [Generalizing to Unseen Domains: A Survey on Domain Generalization](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2103.03097/) (2021)
- [MUSAN: A Music, Speech, and Noise Corpus](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1510.08484/) (2015)
- [ASVspoof 2021: accelerating progress in spoofed and deepfake speech detection](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2109.00537/) (2021)
- [Does Audio Deepfake Detection Generalize?](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2203.16263/) (2022)
- [ASVspoof 5: Crowdsourced Speech Data, Deepfakes, and Adversarial Attacks at Scale](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2408.08739/) (2024)
- [RawBoost: A Raw Data Boosting and Augmentation Method applied to Automatic Speaker Verification Anti-Spoofing](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2111.04433/) (2021)
- [One-class Learning Towards Synthetic Voice Spoofing Detection](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2010.13995/) (2020)
- [Investigating self-supervised front ends for speech spoofing countermeasures](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2111.07725/) (2021)
- [XLSR-Mamba: A Dual-Column Bidirectional State Space Model for Spoofing Attack Detection](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2411.10027/) (2024)
- [A Survey on Speech Deepfake Detection](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2404.13914/) (2024)
- [RawBMamba: End-to-End Bidirectional State Space Model for Audio Deepfake Detection](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2406.06086/) (2024)
- [Spoofed training data for speech spoofing countermeasure can be efficiently created using neural vocoders](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2210.10570/) (2022)
- [Mixture of Experts Fusion for Fake Audio Detection Using Frozen wav2vec 2.0](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2409.11909/) (2024)
- [Nes2Net: A Lightweight Nested Architecture for Foundation Model Driven Speech Anti-spoofing](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2504.05657/) (2025)
- [A Study On Data Augmentation In Voice Anti-Spoofing](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2110.10491/) (2021)
- [Attentive Merging of Hidden Embeddings from Pre-trained Speech Model for Anti-spoofing Detection](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2406.10283/) (2024)
- [One-Class Knowledge Distillation for Spoofing Speech Detection](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2309.08285/) (2023)
- [Generalizable Audio Deepfake Detection via Latent Space Refinement and Augmentation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2501.14240/) (2025)
- [Cross-Technology Generalization in Synthesized Speech Detection: Evaluating AST Models with Modern Voice Generators](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2503.22503/) (2025)

## Built on by (most cited first, 1 of 1)

- [Teffic-Audio: Tell Fact from Fiction](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2607.28351/) (2026)

## Abstract (arXiv)

Neural speech synthesis techniques have enabled highly realistic speech deepfakes, posing major security risks. Speech deepfake detection is challenging due to distribution shifts across spoofing methods and variability in speakers, channels, and recording conditions. We explore learning shared discriminative features as a path to robust detection and propose Information Bottleneck enhanced Confidence-Aware Adversarial Network (IB-CAAN). Confidence-guided adversarial alignment adaptively suppresses attack-specific artifacts without erasing discriminative cues, while the information bottleneck removes nuisance variability to preserve transferable features. Experiments on ASVspoof 2019/2021, ASVspoof 5, and In-the-Wild demonstrate that IB-CAAN consistently outperforms baseline and achieves state-of-the-art performance on many benchmarks.