# The Indispensable Role of User Simulation in the Pursuit of AGI

arXiv: https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.19456 · HTML: https://mlsanity.com/paper/2509.19456/

## Key facts

- No citing papers in the map yet (data through 14 Oct 2026).
- Builds on 8 of its 10 references that are in the map.
- First posted on arXiv 23 Sep 2025.

## Builds on (most cited first, 8 of 8)

- [Generative Agents: Interactive Simulacra of Human Behavior](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2304.03442/) (2023)
- [A Survey on Large Language Model based Autonomous Agents](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2308.11432/) (2023)
- [Out of One, Many: Using Language Models to Simulate Human Samples](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2209.06899/) (2022)
- [Large Language Models Empowered Agent-based Modeling and Simulation: A Survey and Perspectives](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2312.11970/) (2023)
- [Neurosymbolic AI: The 3rd Wave](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2012.05876/) (2020)
- [Large language models can accurately predict searcher preferences](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2309.10621/) (2023)
- [User Simulation for Evaluating Information Access Systems](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2306.08550/) (2023)
- [Designing Skill-Compatible AI: Methodologies and Frameworks in Chess](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2405.05066/) (2024)

## Abstract (arXiv)

Progress toward Artificial General Intelligence (AGI) faces significant bottlenecks, particularly in rigorously evaluating complex interactive systems and acquiring the vast interaction data needed for training adaptive agents. This paper posits that user simulation -- creating computational agents that mimic human interaction with AI systems -- is not merely a useful tool, but is a critical catalyst required to overcome these bottlenecks and accelerate AGI development. We argue that realistic simulators provide the necessary environments for scalable evaluation, data generation for interactive learning, and fostering the adaptive capabilities central to AGI. Therefore, research into user simulation technology and intelligent task agents are deeply synergistic and must advance hand-in-hand. This article elaborates on the critical role of user simulation for AGI, explores the interdisciplinary nature of building realistic simulators, identifies key challenges including those posed by large language models, and proposes a future research agenda.