# DS-Diffusion: Data Style-Guided Diffusion Model for Time-Series Generation

arXiv: https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.18584 · HTML: https://mlsanity.com/paper/2509.18584/

## Key facts

- Cited by 2 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026).
- Placed in Flow matching, time series and science, one of 14 directions in Diffusion models.
- Builds on 34 of its 47 references that are in the map.
- First posted on arXiv 23 Sep 2025.

## Placed in

- Diffusion models / [Flow matching, time series and science](https://mlsanity.com/diffusion/flow-matching-time-series-and-science/)

## Builds on (most cited first, 30 of 34)

- [Denoising Diffusion Probabilistic Models](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2006.11239/) (2020)
- [Denoising Diffusion Implicit Models](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2010.02502/) (2020)
- [Diffusion Models Beat GANs on Image Synthesis](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2105.05233/) (2021)
- [Deep Unsupervised Learning using Nonequilibrium Thermodynamics](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1503.03585/) (2015)
- [Elucidating the Design Space of Diffusion-Based Generative Models](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2206.00364/) (2022)
- [WaveNet: A Generative Model for Raw Audio](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1609.03499/) (2016)
- [Score-based Generative Modeling in Latent Space](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2106.05931/) (2021)
- [Generating Sequences With Recurrent Neural Networks](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1308.0850/) (2013)
- [Real-valued (Medical) Time Series Generation with Recurrent Conditional GANs](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1706.02633/) (2017)
- [A Survey on Generative Diffusion Model](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2209.02646/) (2022)
- [Adversarial Audio Synthesis](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1802.04208/) (2018)
- [Professor Forcing: A New Algorithm for Training Recurrent Networks](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1610.09038/) (2016)
- [Diffusion-TS: Interpretable Diffusion for General Time Series Generation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2403.01742/) (2024)
- [C-RNN-GAN: Continuous recurrent neural networks with adversarial training](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1611.09904/) (2016)
- [LLM4TS: Aligning Pre-Trained LLMs as Data-Efficient Time-Series Forecasters](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2308.08469/) (2023)
- [A Survey on Diffusion Models for Time Series and Spatio-Temporal Data](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2404.18886/) (2024)
- [On the Constrained Time-Series Generation Problem](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2307.01717/) (2023)
- [Generative Modeling of Regular and Irregular Time Series Data via Koopman VAEs](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2310.02619/) (2023)
- [GT-GAN: General Purpose Time Series Synthesis with Generative Adversarial Networks](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2210.02040/) (2022)
- [Utilizing Image Transforms and Diffusion Models for Generative Modeling of Short and Long Time Series](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2410.19538/) (2024)
- [Deep Latent State Space Models for Time-Series Generation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2212.12749/) (2022)
- [Membership Inference on Text-to-Image Diffusion Models via Conditional Likelihood Discrepancy](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2405.14800/) (2024)
- [Time Weaver: A Conditional Time Series Generation Model](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2403.02682/) (2024)
- [TimeCAP: Learning to Contextualize, Augment, and Predict Time Series Events with Large Language Model Agents](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2502.11418/) (2025)
- [xPatch: Dual-Stream Time Series Forecasting with Exponential Seasonal-Trend Decomposition](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2412.17323/) (2024)
- [MG-TSD: Multi-Granularity Time Series Diffusion Models with Guided Learning Process](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2403.05751/) (2024)
- [Adaptive Guidance: Training-free Acceleration of Conditional Diffusion Models](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2312.12487/) (2023)
- [Time Series Data Augmentation for Neural Networks by Time Warping with a Discriminative Teacher](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2004.08780/) (2020)
- [Kaleido Diffusion: Improving Conditional Diffusion Models with Autoregressive Latent Modeling](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2405.21048/) (2024)
- [ANT: Adaptive Noise Schedule for Time Series Diffusion Models](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2410.14488/) (2024)

## Built on by (most cited first, 2 of 2)

- [R2H-Diff: Guided Spectral Diffusion Model for RGB-to-Hyperspectral Reconstruction](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2605.05688/) (2026)
- [IGADA-IoT: IoT Sensor Energy Optimization in Wireless Sensor Networks Driven by Automatic Data Augmentation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2605.27397/) (2026)

## Abstract (arXiv)

Diffusion models are the mainstream approach for time series generation tasks. However, existing diffusion models for time series generation require retraining the entire framework to introduce specific conditional guidance. There also exists a certain degree of distributional bias between the generated data and the real data, which leads to potential model biases in downstream tasks. Additionally, the complexity of diffusion models and the latent spaces leads to an uninterpretable inference process. To address these issues, we propose the data style-guided diffusion model (DS-Diffusion). In the DS-Diffusion, a diffusion framework based on style-guided kernels is developed to avoid retraining for specific conditions. The time-information based hierarchical denoising mechanism (THD) is developed to reduce the distributional bias between the generated data and the real data. Furthermore, the generated samples can clearly indicate the data style from which they originate. We conduct comprehensive evaluations using multiple public datasets to validate our approach. Experimental results show that, compared to the state-of-the-art model such as ImagenTime, the predictive score and the discriminative score decrease by 5.56% and 61.55%, respectively. The distributional bias between the generated data and the real data is further reduced, the inference process is also more interpretable. Moreover, by eliminating the need to retrain the diffusion model, the flexibility and adaptability of the model to specific conditions are also enhanced.