# orb-QFL: Orbital Quantum Federated Learning

arXiv: https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.16505 · HTML: https://mlsanity.com/paper/2509.16505/

## Key facts

- No citing papers in the map yet (data through 14 Oct 2026).
- Builds on 5 of its 15 references that are in the map.
- First posted on arXiv 20 Sep 2025.

## Builds on (most cited first, 5 of 5)

- [Satellite Based Computing Networks with Federated Learning](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2111.10586/) (2021)
- [Convergence Analysis of Sequential Federated Learning on Heterogeneous Data](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2311.03154/) (2023)
- [Towards Quantum Federated Learning](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2306.09912/) (2023)
- [AsyncFLEO: Asynchronous Federated Learning for LEO Satellite Constellations with High-Altitude Platforms](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2212.11522/) (2022)
- [Communication-Efficient Federated Learning for LEO Satellite Networks Integrated with HAPs Using Hybrid NOMA-OFDM](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2401.00685/) (2024)

## Abstract (arXiv)

Recent breakthroughs in quantum computing present transformative opportunities for advancing Federated Learning (FL), particularly in non-terrestrial environments characterized by stringent communication and coordination constraints. In this study, we propose orbital QFL, termed orb-QFL, a novel quantum-assisted Federated Learning framework tailored for Low Earth Orbit (LEO) satellite constellations. Distinct from conventional FL paradigms, termed orb-QFL operates without centralized servers or global aggregation mechanisms (e.g., FedAvg), instead leveraging quantum entanglement and local quantum processing to facilitate decentralized, inter-satellite collaboration. This design inherently addresses the challenges of orbital dynamics, such as intermittent connectivity, high propagation delays, and coverage variability. The framework enables continuous model refinement through direct quantum-based synchronization between neighboring satellites, thereby enhancing resilience and preserving data locality. To validate our approach, we integrate the Qiskit quantum machine learning toolkit with Poliastro-based orbital simulations and conduct experiments using Statlog dataset.