# Confirmation Bias as a Cognitive Resource in LLM-Supported Deliberation

arXiv: https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.14824 · HTML: https://mlsanity.com/paper/2509.14824/

## Key facts

- Cited by 1 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026).
- First posted on arXiv 18 Sep 2025.

## Built on by (most cited first, 1 of 1)

- [Confirming Our Biases? Evaluating the Capabilities, Risks, and Societal Impact of Large Language Models](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2608.06977/) (2026)

## Abstract (arXiv)

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly used in group decision-making, but their influence risks fostering conformity and reducing epistemic vigilance. Drawing on the Argumentative Theory of Reasoning, we argue that confirmation bias, often seen as detrimental, can be harnessed as a resource when paired with critical evaluation. We propose a three-step process in which individuals first generate ideas independently, then use LLMs to refine and articulate them, and finally engage with LLMs as epistemic provocateurs to anticipate group critique. This framing positions LLMs as tools for scaffolding disagreement, helping individuals prepare for more productive group discussions.