# Well-Conditioned Polynomial Representations for Mathematical Handwriting Recognition

arXiv: https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.10815 · HTML: https://mlsanity.com/paper/2509.10815/

## Key facts

- No citing papers in the map yet (data through 14 Oct 2026).
- Builds on 2 of its 19 references that are in the map.
- First posted on arXiv 13 Sep 2025.

## Builds on (most cited first, 2 of 2)

- [MathWriting: A Dataset For Handwritten Mathematical Expression Recognition](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2404.10690/) (2024)
- [A First Look at Chebyshev-Sobolev Series for Digital Ink](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2408.02135/) (2024)

## Abstract (arXiv)

Previous work has made use of a parameterized plane curve polynomial representation for mathematical handwriting, with the polynomials represented in a Legendre or Legendre-Sobolev graded basis. This provides a compact geometric representation for the digital ink. Preliminary results have also been shown for Chebyshev and Chebyshev-Sobolev bases. This article explores the trade-offs between basis choice and polynomial degree to achieve accurate modeling with a low computational cost. To do this, we consider the condition number for polynomial evaluation in these bases and bound how the various inner products give norms for the variations between symbols.