# Kling-Avatar: Grounding Multimodal Instructions for Cascaded Long-Duration Avatar Animation Synthesis

arXiv: https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.09595 · HTML: https://mlsanity.com/paper/2509.09595/

## Key facts

- Cited by 21 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026).
- Builds on 44 of its 50 references that are in the map.
- First posted on arXiv 11 Sep 2025.

## Builds on (most cited first, 30 of 44)

- [Denoising Diffusion Probabilistic Models](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2006.11239/) (2020)
- [High-Resolution Image Synthesis with Latent Diffusion Models](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2112.10752/) (2021)
- [Exploring the Limits of Transfer Learning with a Unified Text-to-Text Transformer](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1910.10683/) (2019)
- [Diffusion Models Beat GANs on Image Synthesis](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2105.05233/) (2021)
- [Scalable Diffusion Models with Transformers](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2212.09748/) (2022)
- [Qwen2.5-VL Technical Report](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2502.13923/) (2025)
- [Robust Speech Recognition via Large-Scale Weak Supervision](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2212.04356/) (2022)
- [Wan: Open and Advanced Large-Scale Video Generative Models](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2503.20314/) (2025)
- [Stable Video Diffusion: Scaling Latent Video Diffusion Models to Large Datasets](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2311.15127/) (2023)
- [Video Diffusion Models](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2204.03458/) (2022)
- [CogVideoX: Text-to-Video Diffusion Models with An Expert Transformer](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2408.06072/) (2024)
- [Make-A-Video: Text-to-Video Generation without Text-Video Data](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2209.14792/) (2022)
- [HunyuanVideo: A Systematic Framework For Large Video Generative Models](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2412.03603/) (2024)
- [Qwen2.5-Omni Technical Report](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2503.20215/) (2025)
- [Effective Whole-body Pose Estimation with Two-stages Distillation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2307.15880/) (2023)
- [MAGI-1: Autoregressive Video Generation at Scale](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2505.13211/) (2025)
- [EMO: Emote Portrait Alive -- Generating Expressive Portrait Videos with Audio2Video Diffusion Model under Weak Conditions](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2402.17485/) (2024)
- [LivePortrait: Efficient Portrait Animation with Stitching and Retargeting Control](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2407.03168/) (2024)
- [EchoMimic: Lifelike Audio-Driven Portrait Animations through Editable Landmark Conditions](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2407.08136/) (2024)
- [Context as Memory: Scene-Consistent Interactive Long Video Generation with Memory Retrieval](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2506.03141/) (2025)
- [Real-Time Video Generation with Pyramid Attention Broadcast](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2408.12588/) (2024)
- [Frame Context Packing and Drift Prevention in Next-Frame-Prediction Video Diffusion Models](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2504.12626/) (2025)
- [OmniHuman-1: Rethinking the Scaling-Up of One-Stage Conditioned Human Animation Models](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2502.01061/) (2025)
- [Long-Context Autoregressive Video Modeling with Next-Frame Prediction](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2503.19325/) (2025)
- [Hallo3: Highly Dynamic and Realistic Portrait Image Animation with Video Diffusion Transformer](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2412.00733/) (2024)
- [Loopy: Taming Audio-Driven Portrait Avatar with Long-Term Motion Dependency](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2409.02634/) (2024)
- [HunyuanWorld 1.0: Generating Immersive, Explorable, and Interactive 3D Worlds from Words or Pixels](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2507.21809/) (2025)
- [OmniAvatar: Efficient Audio-Driven Avatar Video Generation with Adaptive Body Animation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2506.18866/) (2025)
- [FantasyTalking: Realistic Talking Portrait Generation via Coherent Motion Synthesis](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2504.04842/) (2025)
- [Let Them Talk: Audio-Driven Multi-Person Conversational Video Generation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2505.22647/) (2025)

## Built on by (most cited first, 21 of 21)

- [MaterialRefGS: Reflective Gaussian Splatting with Multi-view Consistent Material Inference](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2510.11387/) (2025)
- [KlingAvatar 2.0 Technical Report](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2512.13313/) (2025)
- [SkyReels-V4: Multi-modal Video-Audio Generation, Inpainting and Editing model](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2602.21818/) (2026)
- [Wan-Streamer v0.1: End-to-end Real-time Interactive Foundation Models](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2606.25041/) (2026)
- [AvatarForcing: One-Step Streaming Talking Avatars via Local-Future Sliding-Window Denoising](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2603.14331/) (2026)
- [LongCat-Video-Avatar 1.5 Technical Report](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2605.26486/) (2026)
- [ActAvatar: Temporally-Aware Precise Action Control for Talking Avatars](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2512.19546/) (2025)
- [TriDF: Evaluating Perception, Detection, and Hallucination for Interpretable DeepFake Detection](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2512.10652/) (2025)
- [Beyond End-to-End Video Models: An LLM-Based Multi-Agent System for Educational Video Generation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2602.11790/) (2026)
- [Kling-MotionControl Technical Report](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2603.03160/) (2026)
- [Soul: Breathe Life into Digital Human for High-fidelity Long-term Multimodal Animation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2512.13495/) (2025)
- [TalkVerse: Democratizing Minute-Long Audio-Driven Video Generation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2512.14938/) (2025)
- [Research on World Models Is Not Merely Injecting World Knowledge into Specific Tasks](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2602.01630/) (2026)
- [Gloria: Consistent Character Video Generation via Content Anchors](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2603.29931/) (2026)
- [OmniHuman: A Large-scale Dataset and Benchmark for Human-Centric Video Generation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2604.18326/) (2026)
- [Audio-Visual Intelligence in Large Foundation Models](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2605.04045/) (2026)
- [JoyStreamer: Unlocking Highly Expressive Avatars via Harmonized Text-Audio Conditioning](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2602.00702/) (2026)
- [FlowPortrait: Reinforcement Learning for Audio-Driven Portrait Video Generation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2603.00159/) (2026)
- [VideoFDB: Evaluating Full-Duplex Vision-Speech Capabilities in Conversational Agents](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2605.30256/) (2026)
- [YingVideo-MV: Music-Driven Multi-Stage Video Generation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2512.02492/) (2025)
- [Multimodal Large Language Model-Enabled Video Translation: A Role-Oriented Survey](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2604.11283/) (2026)

## Abstract (arXiv)

Recent advances in audio-driven avatar video generation have significantly enhanced audio-visual realism. However, existing methods treat instruction conditioning merely as low-level tracking driven by acoustic or visual cues, without modeling the communicative purpose conveyed by the instructions. This limitation compromises their narrative coherence and character expressiveness. To bridge this gap, we introduce Kling-Avatar, a novel cascaded framework that unifies multimodal instruction understanding with photorealistic portrait generation. Our approach adopts a two-stage pipeline. In the first stage, we design a multimodal large language model (MLLM) director that produces a blueprint video conditioned on diverse instruction signals, thereby governing high-level semantics such as character motion and emotions. In the second stage, guided by blueprint keyframes, we generate multiple sub-clips in parallel using a first-last frame strategy. This global-to-local framework preserves fine-grained details while faithfully encoding the high-level intent behind multimodal instructions. Our parallel architecture also enables fast and stable generation of long-duration videos, making it suitable for real-world applications such as digital human livestreaming and vlogging. To comprehensively evaluate our method, we construct a benchmark of 375 curated samples covering diverse instructions and challenging scenarios. Extensive experiments demonstrate that Kling-Avatar is capable of generating vivid, fluent, long-duration videos at up to 1080p and 48 fps, achieving superior performance in lip synchronization accuracy, emotion and dynamic expressiveness, instruction controllability, identity preservation, and cross-domain generalization. These results establish Kling-Avatar as a new benchmark for semantically grounded, high-fidelity audio-driven avatar synthesis.