# Simulating Dispute Mediation with LLM-Based Agents for Legal Research

arXiv: https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.06586 · HTML: https://mlsanity.com/paper/2509.06586/

## Key facts

- Cited by 7 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026).
- Placed in Social simulation and multi-agent debate, one of 16 directions in LLM agents and tool use.
- Builds on 10 of its 27 references that are in the map.
- First posted on arXiv 8 Sep 2025.

## Placed in

- LLM agents and tool use / [Social simulation and multi-agent debate](https://mlsanity.com/agents/social-simulation-and-multi-agent-debate/)

## Builds on (most cited first, 10 of 10)

- [Generative Agents: Interactive Simulacra of Human Behavior](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2304.03442/) (2023)
- [AutoGen: Enabling Next-Gen LLM Applications via Multi-Agent Conversation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2308.08155/) (2023)
- [LLMs-as-Judges: A Comprehensive Survey on LLM-based Evaluation Methods](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2412.05579/) (2024)
- [War and Peace (WarAgent): Large Language Model-based Multi-Agent Simulation of World Wars](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2311.17227/) (2023)
- [Emergent social conventions and collective bias in LLM populations](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2410.08948/) (2024)
- [AgentReview: Exploring Peer Review Dynamics with LLM Agents](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2406.12708/) (2024)
- [CaSiNo: A Corpus of Campsite Negotiation Dialogues for Automatic Negotiation Systems](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2103.15721/) (2021)
- [AgentsCourt: Building Judicial Decision-Making Agents with Court Debate Simulation and Legal Knowledge Augmentation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2403.02959/) (2024)
- [Robots in the Middle: Evaluating LLMs in Dispute Resolution](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2410.07053/) (2024)
- [KODIS: A Multicultural Dispute Resolution Dialogue Corpus](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2504.12723/) (2025)

## Built on by (most cited first, 7 of 7)

- [LLM Agents in Law: Taxonomy, Applications, and Challenges](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2601.06216/) (2026)
- [ProMediate: A Socio-cognitive framework for evaluating proactive agents in multi-party negotiation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2510.25224/) (2025)
- [LLMs Should Incorporate Explicit Mechanisms for Human Empathy](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2604.10557/) (2026)
- [Logical Consistency as a Bridge: Improving LLM Hallucination Detection via Label Constraint Modeling between Responses and Self-Judgments](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2605.03971/) (2026)
- [SoCRATES: Towards Reliable Automated Evaluation of Proactive LLM Mediation across Domains and Socio-cognitive Variations](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2606.05563/) (2026)
- [Civil Court Simulation with Large Language Models](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2606.09632/) (2026)
- [ProMediConv: Benchmarking Proactive Conversational Agents in Legal Dispute Mediation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2609.11101/) (2026)

## Abstract (arXiv)

Legal dispute mediation plays a crucial role in resolving civil disputes, yet its empirical study is limited by privacy constraints and complex multivariate interactions. To address this limitation, we present AgentMediation, the first LLM-based agent framework for simulating dispute mediation. It simulates realistic mediation processes grounded in real-world disputes and enables controlled experimentation on key variables such as disputant strategies, dispute causes, and mediator expertise. Our empirical analysis reveals patterns consistent with sociological theories, including Group Polarization and Surface-level Consensus. As a comprehensive and extensible platform, AgentMediation paves the way for deeper integration of social science and AI in legal research.