# Comparative Evaluation of Traditional and Deep Learning Feature Matching Algorithms using Chandrayaan-2 Lunar Data

arXiv: https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.04775 · HTML: https://mlsanity.com/paper/2509.04775/

## Key facts

- No citing papers in the map yet (data through 14 Oct 2026).
- Builds on 4 of its 22 references that are in the map.
- First posted on arXiv 5 Sep 2025.

## Builds on (most cited first, 4 of 4)

- [SuperGLUE: A Stickier Benchmark for General-Purpose Language Understanding Systems](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1905.00537/) (2019)
- [RIFT2: Speeding-up RIFT with A New Rotation-Invariance Technique](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2303.00319/) (2023)
- [MoonMetaSync: Lunar Image Registration Analysis](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2410.11118/) (2024)
- [Feature Point Extraction for Extra-Affine Image](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2503.03479/) (2025)

## Abstract (arXiv)

Accurate image registration is critical for lunar exploration, enabling surface mapping, resource localization, and mission planning. Aligning data from diverse lunar sensors -- optical (e.g., Orbital High Resolution Camera, Narrow and Wide Angle Cameras), hyperspectral (Imaging Infrared Spectrometer), and radar (e.g., Dual-Frequency Synthetic Aperture Radar, Selene/Kaguya mission) -- is challenging due to differences in resolution, illumination, and sensor distortion. We evaluate five feature matching algorithms: SIFT, ASIFT, AKAZE, RIFT2, and SuperGlue (a deep learning-based matcher), using cross-modality image pairs from equatorial and polar regions. A preprocessing pipeline is proposed, including georeferencing, resolution alignment, intensity normalization, and enhancements like adaptive histogram equalization, principal component analysis, and shadow correction. SuperGlue consistently yields the lowest root mean square error and fastest runtimes. Classical methods such as SIFT and AKAZE perform well near the equator but degrade under polar lighting. The results highlight the importance of preprocessing and learning-based approaches for robust lunar image registration across diverse conditions.