# Designing Gaze Analytics for ELA Instruction: A User-Centered Dashboard with Conversational AI Support

arXiv: https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.03741 · HTML: https://mlsanity.com/paper/2509.03741/

## Key facts

- No citing papers in the map yet (data through 14 Oct 2026).
- Builds on 4 of its 47 references that are in the map.
- First posted on arXiv 3 Sep 2025.

## Builds on (most cited first, 4 of 4)

- [A Chain-of-Thought Prompting Approach with LLMs for Evaluating Students' Formative Assessment Responses in Science](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2403.14565/) (2024)
- [From Black Boxes to Conversations: Incorporating XAI in a Conversational Agent](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2209.02552/) (2022)
- [Leveraging LLM Tutoring Systems for Non-Native English Speakers in Introductory CS Courses](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2411.02725/) (2024)
- [LLMs as Educational Analysts: Transforming Multimodal Data Traces into Actionable Reading Assessment Reports](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2503.02099/) (2025)

## Abstract (arXiv)

Eye-tracking offers rich insights into student cognition and engagement, but remains underutilized in classroom-facing educational technology due to challenges in data interpretation and accessibility. In this paper, we present the iterative design and evaluation of a gaze-based learning analytics dashboard for English Language Arts (ELA), developed through five studies involving teachers and students. Guided by user-centered design and data storytelling principles, we explored how gaze data can support reflection, formative assessment, and instructional decision-making. Our findings demonstrate that gaze analytics can be approachable and pedagogically valuable when supported by familiar visualizations, layered explanations, and narrative scaffolds. We further show how a conversational agent, powered by a large language model (LLM), can lower cognitive barriers to interpreting gaze data by enabling natural language interactions with multimodal learning analytics. We conclude with design implications for future EdTech systems that aim to integrate novel data modalities in classroom contexts.