# Contemporary Agent Technology: LLM-Driven Advancements vs Classic Multi-Agent Systems

arXiv: https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.02515 · HTML: https://mlsanity.com/paper/2509.02515/

## Key facts

- Cited by 1 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026).
- Placed in General LLM agent frameworks and benchmarks, one of 16 directions in LLM agents and tool use.
- First posted on arXiv 2 Sep 2025.

## Placed in

- LLM agents and tool use / [General LLM agent frameworks and benchmarks](https://mlsanity.com/agents/general-llm-agent-frameworks-and-benchmarks/)

## Built on by (most cited first, 1 of 1)

- [Multi-Agent Systems: From Classical Paradigms to Large Foundation Model-Enabled Futures](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2604.18133/) (2026)

## Abstract (arXiv)

This contribution provides our comprehensive reflection on the contemporary agent technology, with a particular focus on the advancements driven by Large Language Models (LLM) vs classic Multi-Agent Systems (MAS). It delves into the models, approaches, and characteristics that define these new systems. The paper emphasizes the critical analysis of how the recent developments relate to the foundational MAS, as articulated in the core academic literature. Finally, it identifies key challenges and promising future directions in this rapidly evolving domain.