# An Epidemiological Knowledge Graph extracted from the World Health Organization's Disease Outbreak News

arXiv: https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.02258 · HTML: https://mlsanity.com/paper/2509.02258/

## Key facts

- Cited by 3 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026).
- Builds on 16 of its 113 references that are in the map.
- First posted on arXiv 2 Sep 2025.

## Builds on (most cited first, 16 of 16)

- [Attention Is All You Need](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1706.03762/) (2017)
- [Language Models are Few-Shot Learners](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2005.14165/) (2020)
- [Llama 2: Open Foundation and Fine-Tuned Chat Models](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2307.09288/) (2023)
- [Sentence-BERT: Sentence Embeddings using Siamese BERT-Networks](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1908.10084/) (2019)
- [Sequence to Sequence Learning with Neural Networks](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1409.3215/) (2014)
- [BioBERT: a pre-trained biomedical language representation model for biomedical text mining](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1901.08746/) (2019)
- [Pythia: A Suite for Analyzing Large Language Models Across Training and Scaling](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2304.01373/) (2023)
- [A Survey on In-context Learning](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2301.00234/) (2022)
- [A Survey on Knowledge Graphs: Representation, Acquisition and Applications](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2002.00388/) (2020)
- [Knowledge Graphs](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2003.02320/) (2020)
- [Zephyr: Direct Distillation of LM Alignment](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2310.16944/) (2023)
- [Knowledge Graphs: Opportunities and Challenges](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2303.13948/) (2023)
- [An Open-Source Knowledge Graph Ecosystem for the Life Sciences](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2307.05727/) (2023)
- [RNA-KG: An ontology-based knowledge graph for representing interactions involving RNA molecules](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2312.00183/) (2023)
- [Epidemic Information Extraction for Event-Based Surveillance using Large Language Models](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2408.14277/) (2024)
- [Adapting the LodView RDF Browser for Navigation over the Multilingual Linguistic Linked Open Data Cloud](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2208.13295/) (2022)

## Built on by (most cited first, 3 of 3)

- [Graph-based LLM over Semi-Structured Population Data for Dynamic Policy Response](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2510.05196/) (2025)
- [Large language models for spreading dynamics in complex systems](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2602.08085/) (2026)
- [A phenotype-driven and evidence-governed framework for knowledge graph enrichment and hypotheses discovery in population data](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2604.16982/) (2026)

## Abstract (arXiv)

The rapid evolution of artificial intelligence (AI), together with the increased availability of social media and news for epidemiological surveillance, are marking a pivotal moment in epidemiology and public health research. Leveraging the power of generative AI, we use an ensemble approach which incorporates multiple Large Language Models (LLMs) to extract valuable actionable epidemiological information from the World Health Organization (WHO) Disease Outbreak News (DONs). DONs is a collection of regular reports on global outbreaks curated by the WHO and the adopted decision-making processes to respond to them. The extracted information is made available in a daily-updated dataset and a knowledge graph, referred to as eKG, derived to provide a nuanced representation of the public health domain knowledge. We provide an overview of this new dataset and describe the structure of eKG, along with the services and tools used to access and utilize the data that we are building on top. These innovative data resources open altogether new opportunities for epidemiological research, and the analysis and surveillance of disease outbreaks.