# RumorSphere: A Framework for Million-scale Agent-based Dynamic Simulation of Rumor Propagation

arXiv: https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.02172 · HTML: https://mlsanity.com/paper/2509.02172/

## Key facts

- Cited by 4 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026).
- First posted on arXiv 2 Sep 2025.

## Built on by (most cited first, 4 of 4)

- [The PIMMUR Principles: Ensuring Validity in Collective Behavior of LLM Societies](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2509.18052/) (2025)
- [TRUST Agents: A Collaborative Multi-Agent Framework for Fake News Detection, Explainable Verification, and Logic-Aware Claim Reasoning](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2604.12184/) (2026)
- [LLMs for Social Network Modeling: From Network Generation to Dynamic Processes](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2609.08049/) (2026)
- [ActGuard: Pre-execution Action Auditing against Indirect Prompt Injection in LLM Agents](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2609.14987/) (2026)

## Abstract (arXiv)

Rumor propagation modeling is critical for understanding and mitigating misinformation. Existing approaches combining rule-based regular agents with LLM-driven core agents provide a promising paradigm for large-scale rumor simulation. However, overlooking the dynamic nature of core agents and the importance of network topology on rumor spread significantly undermines the simulation performance. To address these issues, we present RumorSphere, a dynamic and hierarchical resonance framework for effective rumor simulation at the million-agent scale. Considering the dynamic role of core agents in rumor evolution, we propose a multi-agent dynamic interaction strategy based on the information cocoon theory, which adaptively identifies and activates critical core agents at conflict boundaries using LLMs, effectively supporting simulations with millions of agents. In addition, we design a hierarchical resonance network that integrates opinion leaders and localized community structures, enabling more realistic modeling of explosive rumor spread in real-world scenarios. Experiments on real-world datasets show that RumorSphere outperforms state-of-the-art methods, reducing simulation bias by an average of 26.5%.