# Surface Defect Detection with Gabor Filter Using Reconstruction-Based Blurring U-Net-ViT

arXiv: https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.00827 · HTML: https://mlsanity.com/paper/2509.00827/

## Key facts

- No citing papers in the map yet (data through 14 Oct 2026).
- Builds on 7 of its 41 references that are in the map.
- First posted on arXiv 31 Aug 2025.

## Builds on (most cited first, 7 of 7)

- [An Image is Worth 16x16 Words: Transformers for Image Recognition at Scale](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2010.11929/) (2020)
- [VT-ADL: A Vision Transformer Network for Image Anomaly Detection and Localization](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2104.10036/) (2021)
- [Same Same But DifferNet: Semi-Supervised Defect Detection with Normalizing Flows](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2008.12577/) (2020)
- [DFR: Deep Feature Reconstruction for Unsupervised Anomaly Segmentation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2012.07122/) (2020)
- [AnoViT: Unsupervised Anomaly Detection and Localization with Vision Transformer-based Encoder-Decoder](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2203.10808/) (2022)
- [Road Surface Defect Detection -- From Image-based to Non-image-based: A Survey](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2402.04297/) (2024)
- [Autoencoder-Based Visual Anomaly Localization for Manufacturing Quality Control](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2309.06884/) (2023)

## Abstract (arXiv)

This paper proposes a novel approach to enhance the accuracy and reliability of texture-based surface defect detection using Gabor filters and a blurring U-Net-ViT model. By combining the local feature training of U-Net with the global processing of the Vision Transformer(ViT), the model effectively detects defects across various textures. A Gaussian filter-based loss function removes background noise and highlights defect patterns, while Salt-and-Pepper(SP) masking in the training process reinforces texture-defect boundaries, ensuring robust performance in noisy environments. Gabor filters are applied in post-processing to emphasize defect orientation and frequency characteristics. Parameter optimization, including filter size, sigma, wavelength, gamma, and orientation, maximizes performance across datasets like MVTec-AD, Surface Crack Detection, and Marble Surface Anomaly Dataset, achieving an average Area Under the Curve(AUC) of 0.939. The ablation studies validate that the optimal filter size and noise probability significantly enhance defect detection performance.