# Lightweight and Fast Real-time Image Enhancement via Decomposition of the Spatial-aware Lookup Tables

arXiv: https://arxiv.org/abs/2508.16121 · HTML: https://mlsanity.com/paper/2508.16121/

## Key facts

- Cited by 4 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026).
- Builds on 32 of its 55 references that are in the map.
- First posted on arXiv 22 Aug 2025.

## Builds on (most cited first, 30 of 32)

- [Deep Residual Learning for Image Recognition](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1512.03385/) (2015)
- [U-Net: Convolutional Networks for Biomedical Image Segmentation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1505.04597/) (2015)
- [The Unreasonable Effectiveness of Deep Features as a Perceptual Metric](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1801.03924/) (2018)
- [Deep Retinex Decomposition for Low-Light Enhancement](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1808.04560/) (2018)
- [EnlightenGAN: Deep Light Enhancement without Paired Supervision](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1906.06972/) (2019)
- [Learning to See in the Dark](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1805.01934/) (2018)
- [Kindling the Darkness: A Practical Low-light Image Enhancer](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1905.04161/) (2019)
- [Deep Bilateral Learning for Real-Time Image Enhancement](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1707.02880/) (2017)
- [Learning Image-adaptive 3D Lookup Tables for High Performance Photo Enhancement in Real-time](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2009.14468/) (2020)
- [DSLR-Quality Photos on Mobile Devices with Deep Convolutional Networks](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1704.02470/) (2017)
- [Single-Image HDR Reconstruction by Learning to Reverse the Camera Pipeline](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2004.01179/) (2020)
- [HDR-NeRF: High Dynamic Range Neural Radiance Fields](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2111.14451/) (2021)
- [DeepLPF: Deep Local Parametric Filters for Image Enhancement](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2003.13985/) (2020)
- [Conditional Sequential Modulation for Efficient Global Image Retouching](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2009.10390/) (2020)
- [AdaInt: Learning Adaptive Intervals for 3D Lookup Tables on Real-time Image Enhancement](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2204.13983/) (2022)
- [Real-time Image Enhancer via Learnable Spatial-aware 3D Lookup Tables](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2108.08697/) (2021)
- [PPR10K: A Large-Scale Portrait Photo Retouching Dataset with Human-Region Mask and Group-Level Consistency](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2105.09180/) (2021)
- [HDRUNet: Single Image HDR Reconstruction with Denoising and Dequantization](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2105.13084/) (2021)
- [Distort-and-Recover: Color Enhancement using Deep Reinforcement Learning](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1804.04450/) (2018)
- [SepLUT: Separable Image-adaptive Lookup Tables for Real-time Image Enhancement](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2207.08351/) (2022)
- [Bilateral Grid Learning for Stereo Matching Networks](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2101.01601/) (2021)
- [Aesthetic-Driven Image Enhancement by Adversarial Learning](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1707.05251/) (2017)
- [4D LUT: Learnable Context-Aware 4D Lookup Table for Image Enhancement](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2209.01749/) (2022)
- [JSI-GAN: GAN-Based Joint Super-Resolution and Inverse Tone-Mapping with Pixel-Wise Task-Specific Filters for UHD HDR Video](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1909.04391/) (2019)
- [NILUT: Conditional Neural Implicit 3D Lookup Tables for Image Enhancement](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2306.11920/) (2023)
- [A New Journey from SDRTV to HDRTV](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2108.07978/) (2021)
- [Single-Image HDR Reconstruction by Multi-Exposure Generation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2210.15897/) (2022)
- [Learning Series-Parallel Lookup Tables for Efficient Image Super-Resolution](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2207.12987/) (2022)
- [Reconstructed Convolution Module Based Look-Up Tables for Efficient Image Super-Resolution](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2307.08544/) (2023)
- [Taming Lookup Tables for Efficient Image Retouching](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2403.19238/) (2024)

## Built on by (most cited first, 4 of 4)

- [Learning Color Grading, No Photo Sharing: Federated Aesthetic Preference Learning for Personalized Image Enhancement](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2607.27659/) (2026)
- [GLUT: 3D Gaussian Lookup Table for Continuous Color Transformation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2605.19889/) (2026)
- [Color Pass-Through via Camera-Display Coupling](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2607.12746/) (2026)
- [Towards Color-Faithful Low-Light Image Enhancement via Adaptive Color Debiasing and Saturation Rectification](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2608.10512/) (2026)

## Abstract (arXiv)

The image enhancement methods based on 3D lookup tables (3D LUTs) efficiently reduce both model size and runtime by interpolating pre-calculated values at the vertices. However, the 3D LUT methods have a limitation due to their lack of spatial information, as they convert color values on a point-by-point basis. Although spatial-aware 3D LUT methods address this limitation, they introduce additional modules that require a substantial number of parameters, leading to increased runtime as image resolution increases. To address this issue, we propose a method for generating image-adaptive LUTs by focusing on the redundant parts of the tables. Our efficient framework decomposes a 3D LUT into a linear sum of low-dimensional LUTs and employs singular value decomposition (SVD). Furthermore, we enhance the modules for spatial feature fusion to be more cache-efficient. Extensive experimental results demonstrate that our model effectively decreases both the number of parameters and runtime while maintaining spatial awareness and performance.