# Generalized Decoupled Learning for Enhancing Open-Vocabulary Dense Perception

arXiv: https://arxiv.org/abs/2508.11256 · HTML: https://mlsanity.com/paper/2508.11256/

## Key facts

- Cited by 10 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026).
- Builds on 106 of its 115 references that are in the map.
- First posted on arXiv 15 Aug 2025.

## Builds on (most cited first, 30 of 106)

- [Attention Is All You Need](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1706.03762/) (2017)
- [Deep Residual Learning for Image Recognition](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1512.03385/) (2015)
- [Learning Transferable Visual Models From Natural Language Supervision](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2103.00020/) (2021)
- [An Image is Worth 16x16 Words: Transformers for Image Recognition at Scale](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2010.11929/) (2020)
- [U-Net: Convolutional Networks for Biomedical Image Segmentation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1505.04597/) (2015)
- [High-Resolution Image Synthesis with Latent Diffusion Models](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2112.10752/) (2021)
- [Microsoft COCO: Common Objects in Context](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1405.0312/) (2014)
- [Swin Transformer: Hierarchical Vision Transformer using Shifted Windows](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2103.14030/) (2021)
- [Faster R-CNN: Towards Real-Time Object Detection with Region Proposal Networks](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1506.01497/) (2015)
- [Segment Anything](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2304.02643/) (2023)
- [DINOv2: Learning Robust Visual Features without Supervision](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2304.07193/) (2023)
- [End-to-End Object Detection with Transformers](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2005.12872/) (2020)
- [Mask R-CNN](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1703.06870/) (2017)
- [Emerging Properties in Self-Supervised Vision Transformers](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2104.14294/) (2021)
- [The Cityscapes Dataset for Semantic Urban Scene Understanding](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1604.01685/) (2016)
- [A ConvNet for the 2020s](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2201.03545/) (2022)
- [Deformable DETR: Deformable Transformers for End-to-End Object Detection](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2010.04159/) (2020)
- [Sigmoid Loss for Language Image Pre-Training](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2303.15343/) (2023)
- [SAM 2: Segment Anything in Images and Videos](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2408.00714/) (2024)
- [Masked-attention Mask Transformer for Universal Image Segmentation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2112.01527/) (2021)
- [LVIS: A Dataset for Large Vocabulary Instance Segmentation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1908.03195/) (2019)
- [Semantic Understanding of Scenes through the ADE20K Dataset](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1608.05442/) (2016)
- [Open-vocabulary Object Detection via Vision and Language Knowledge Distillation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2104.13921/) (2021)
- [Relational Knowledge Distillation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1904.05068/) (2019)
- [Vision Transformers Need Registers](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2309.16588/) (2023)
- [Simple Online and Realtime Tracking](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1602.00763/) (2016)
- [COCO-Stuff: Thing and Stuff Classes in Context](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1612.03716/) (2016)
- [Panoptic Segmentation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1801.00868/) (2018)
- [EVA-CLIP: Improved Training Techniques for CLIP at Scale](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2303.15389/) (2023)
- [Language-driven Semantic Segmentation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2201.03546/) (2022)

## Built on by (most cited first, 10 of 10)

- [FlashVID: Efficient Video Large Language Models via Training-free Tree-based Spatiotemporal Token Merging](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2602.08024/) (2026)
- [Less Is More, but Where? Dynamic Token Compression via LLM-Guided Keyframe Prior](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2512.06866/) (2025)
- [Dynamic-dLLM: Dynamic Cache-Budget and Adaptive Parallel Decoding for Training-Free Acceleration of Diffusion LLM](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2606.26120/) (2026)
- [Efficient Reasoning with Balanced Thinking](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2603.12372/) (2026)
- [Multimodal Dataset Distillation via Phased Teacher Models](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2603.25388/) (2026)
- [AgentSteerTTS: A Multi-Agent Closed-Loop Framework for Composite-Instruction Text-to-Speech](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2605.17583/) (2026)
- [DRFormer: A Dual-Regularized Bidirectional Transformer for Person Re-identification](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2602.01059/) (2026)
- [Beyond Binary Contrast: Modeling Continuous Skeleton Action Spaces with Transitional Anchors](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2604.17914/) (2026)
- [DyCon: Dynamic Reasoning Control via Evolving Difficulty Modeling](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2606.07108/) (2026)
- [DC-Leap: Training-Free Acceleration of dLLMs via Draft-Guided Contiguous Leaping Decoding](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2607.20467/) (2026)

## Abstract (arXiv)

Dense visual perception tasks have been constrained by their reliance on predefined categories, limiting their applicability in real-world scenarios where visual concepts are unbounded. While Vision-Language Models (VLMs) like CLIP have shown promise in open-vocabulary tasks, their direct application to dense perception often leads to suboptimal performance due to limitations in local feature representation. In this work, we present our observation that CLIP's image tokens struggle to effectively aggregate information from spatially or semantically related regions, resulting in features that lack local discriminability and spatial consistency. To address this issue, we propose DeCLIP, a novel framework that enhances CLIP by decoupling the self-attention module to obtain ``content'' and ``context'' features respectively. reviseThe context features are enhanced by jointly distilling semantic correlations from Vision Foundation Models (VFMs) and object integrity cues from diffusion models, thereby enhancing spatial consistency. In parallel, the content features are aligned with image crop representations and constrained by region correlations from VFMs to improve local discriminability. Extensive experiments demonstrate that DeCLIP establishes a solid foundation for open-vocabulary dense perception, consistently achieving state-of-the-art performance across a broad spectrum of tasks, including 2D detection and segmentation, 3D instance segmentation, video instance segmentation, and 6D object pose estimation. Code is available at https://github.com/xiaomoguhz/DeCLIP