# Agoran: An Agentic Open Marketplace for 6G RAN Automation

arXiv: https://arxiv.org/abs/2508.09159 · HTML: https://mlsanity.com/paper/2508.09159/

## Key facts

- Cited by 2 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026).
- Placed in Agentic AI for wireless networks, one of 16 directions in LLM agents and tool use.
- Builds on 7 of its 38 references that are in the map.
- First posted on arXiv 5 Aug 2025.

## Placed in

- LLM agents and tool use / [Agentic AI for wireless networks](https://mlsanity.com/agents/agentic-ai-for-wireless-networks/)

## Builds on (most cited first, 7 of 7)

- [Chain-of-Thought Prompting Elicits Reasoning in Large Language Models](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2201.11903/) (2022)
- [Toolformer: Language Models Can Teach Themselves to Use Tools](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2302.04761/) (2023)
- [G-Eval: NLG Evaluation using GPT-4 with Better Human Alignment](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2303.16634/) (2023)
- [AI-Native Network Slicing for 6G Networks](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2105.08576/) (2021)
- [dApps: Distributed Applications for Real-time Inference and Control in O-RAN](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2203.02370/) (2022)
- [Trustworthy Intrusion Detection: Confidence Estimation Using Latent Space](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2409.13774/) (2024)
- [NASP: Network Slice as a Service Platform for 5G Networks](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2505.24051/) (2025)

## Built on by (most cited first, 2 of 2)

- [WirelessAgent++: Automated Agentic Workflow Design and Benchmarking for Wireless Networks](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2603.00501/) (2026)
- [AGORA: Agentic Green Orchestration Architecture for Beyond 5G Networks](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2602.13290/) (2026)

## Abstract (arXiv)

Next-generation mobile networks must reconcile the often-conflicting goals of multiple service owners. However, today's network slice controllers remain rigid, policy-bound, and unaware of the business context. We introduce Agoran Service and Resource Broker (SRB), an agentic marketplace that brings stakeholders directly into the operational loop. Inspired by the ancient Greek agora, Agoran distributes authority across three autonomous AI branches: a Legislative branch that answers compliance queries using retrieval-augmented Large Language Models (LLMs); an Executive branch that maintains real-time situational awareness through a watcher-updated vector database; and a Judicial branch that evaluates each agent message with a rule-based Trust Score, while arbitrating LLMs detect malicious behavior and apply real-time incentives to restore trust. Stakeholder-side Negotiation Agents and the SRB-side Mediator Agent negotiate feasible, Pareto-optimal offers produced by a multi-objective optimizer, reaching a consensus intent in a single round, which is then deployed to Open and AI RAN controllers. Deployed on a private 5G testbed and evaluated with realistic traces of vehicle mobility, Agoran achieved significant gains: (i) a 37% increase in throughput of eMBB slices, (ii) a 73% reduction in latency of URLLC slices, and concurrently (iii) an end-to-end 8.3% saving in PRB usage compared to a static baseline. An 1B-parameter Llama model, fine-tuned for five minutes on 100 GPT-4 dialogues, recovers approximately 80% of GPT-4.1's decision quality, while operating within 6 GiB of memory and converging in only 1.3 seconds. These results establish Agoran as a concrete, standards-aligned path toward ultra-flexible, stakeholder-centric 6G networks. A live demo is presented https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=h7vEyMu2f5w&abchannel=BubbleRAN.