# RadioMamba: Breaking the Accuracy-Efficiency Trade-off in Radio Map Construction via a Hybrid Mamba-UNet

arXiv: https://arxiv.org/abs/2508.09140 · HTML: https://mlsanity.com/paper/2508.09140/

## Key facts

- Cited by 5 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026).
- Placed in Vision Mamba backbones, one of 10 directions in State-space sequence models (S4, Mamba).
- Builds on 39 of its 84 references that are in the map.
- First posted on arXiv 28 Jul 2025.

## Placed in

- State-space sequence models (S4, Mamba) / [Vision Mamba backbones](https://mlsanity.com/ssm/vision-mamba-backbones/)

## Builds on (most cited first, 30 of 39)

- [An Image is Worth 16x16 Words: Transformers for Image Recognition at Scale](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2010.11929/) (2020)
- [Denoising Diffusion Probabilistic Models](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2006.11239/) (2020)
- [U-Net: Convolutional Networks for Biomedical Image Segmentation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1505.04597/) (2015)
- [Generative Adversarial Networks](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2203.00667/) (2022)
- [Mamba: Linear-Time Sequence Modeling with Selective State Spaces](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2312.00752/) (2023)
- [Efficiently Modeling Long Sequences with Structured State Spaces](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2111.00396/) (2021)
- [Conditional Generative Adversarial Nets](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1411.1784/) (2014)
- [Transformers are SSMs: Generalized Models and Efficient Algorithms Through Structured State Space Duality](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2405.21060/) (2024)
- [Transformers in Vision: A Survey](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2101.01169/) (2021)
- [VMamba: Visual State Space Model](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2401.10166/) (2024)
- [MambaVision: A Hybrid Mamba-Transformer Vision Backbone](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2407.08083/) (2024)
- [The Roadmap to 6G -- AI Empowered Wireless Networks](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1904.11686/) (2019)
- [RadioUNet: Fast Radio Map Estimation with Convolutional Neural Networks](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1911.09002/) (2019)
- [Integrated Sensing and Communications: Towards Dual-functional Wireless Networks for 6G and Beyond](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2108.07165/) (2021)
- [RadioDiff: An Effective Generative Diffusion Model for Sampling-Free Dynamic Radio Map Construction](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2408.08593/) (2024)
- [Vision Mamba: A Comprehensive Survey and Taxonomy](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2405.04404/) (2024)
- [RME-GAN: A Learning Framework for Radio Map Estimation based on Conditional Generative Adversarial Network](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2212.12817/) (2022)
- [Digital-Twin-Enabled 6G: Vision, Architectural Trends, and Future Directions](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2102.12169/) (2021)
- [Machine Learning for Wireless Communications in the Internet of Things: A Comprehensive Survey](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1901.07947/) (2019)
- [Radio Map Based 3D Path Planning for Cellular-Connected UAV](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1912.00021/) (2019)
- [6G Digital Twin Networks: From Theory to Practice](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2212.02032/) (2022)
- [A Survey on Fundamental Limits of Integrated Sensing and Communication](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2104.09954/) (2021)
- [RadioDiff-k2: Helmholtz Equation Informed Generative Diffusion Model for Multi-Path Aware Radio Map Construction](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2504.15623/) (2025)
- [MobileMamba: Lightweight Multi-Receptive Visual Mamba Network](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2411.15941/) (2024)
- [RadioDiff-3D: A 3D×3D Radio Map Dataset and Generative Diffusion Based Benchmark for 6G Environment-Aware Communication](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2507.12166/) (2025)
- [Towards Secure Blockchain-enabled Internet of Vehicles: Optimizing Consensus Management Using Reputation and Contract Theory](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1809.08387/) (2018)
- [Denoising Diffusion Probabilistic Model for Radio Map Estimation in Generative Wireless Networks](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2501.06604/) (2025)
- [6G-enabled Edge AI for Metaverse: Challenges, Methods, and Future Research Directions](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2204.06192/) (2022)
- [RadioDiff-Inverse: Diffusion Enhanced Bayesian Inverse Estimation for ISAC Radio Map Construction](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2504.14298/) (2025)
- [Adaptive Visibility Graph Neural Network and its Application in Modulation Classification](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2106.08564/) (2021)

## Built on by (most cited first, 5 of 5)

- [Self-Localizing MIMO Beam Mapping with Continuously Evolving Channel Memory](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2511.17007/) (2025)
- [Bridging the Sampling Distribution Shift in Radio Map Estimation: A Trajectory-Aware Paradigm](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2605.28234/) (2026)
- [Diffusion Models for Radio Map Estimation: Theoretical Performance Analysis and Sampling Rate Guideline](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2606.25310/) (2026)
- [Multi-Modal Conditioned High-Resolution Transformer for Urban Electromagnetic Field Map Prediction Download PDF](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2606.27671/) (2026)
- [RadioVIL: Anomaly-Aware Diffusion Models for Radio Map Inpainting and Zero-Shot Vehicle Localization](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2608.16167/) (2026)

## Abstract (arXiv)

Radio map (RM) has recently attracted much attention since it can provide real-time and accurate spatial channel information for 6G services and applications. However, current deep learning-based methods for RM construction exhibit well known accuracy-efficiency trade-off. In this paper, we introduce RadioMamba, a hybrid Mamba-UNet architecture for RM construction to address the trade-off. Generally, accurate RM construction requires modeling long-range spatial dependencies, reflecting the global nature of wave propagation physics. RadioMamba utilizes a Mamba-Convolutional block where the Mamba branch captures these global dependencies with linear complexity, while a parallel convolutional branch extracts local features. This hybrid design generates feature representations that capture both global context and local detail. Experiments show that RadioMamba achieves higher accuracy than existing methods, including diffusion models, while operating nearly 20 times faster and using only 2.9% of the model parameters. By improving both accuracy and efficiency, RadioMamba presents a viable approach for real-time intelligent optimization in next generation wireless systems.