# KLASSify to Verify: Audio-Visual Deepfake Detection Using SSL-based Audio and Handcrafted Visual Features

arXiv: https://arxiv.org/abs/2508.07337 · HTML: https://mlsanity.com/paper/2508.07337/

## Key facts

- Cited by 5 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026).
- Builds on 20 of its 43 references that are in the map.
- First posted on arXiv 10 Aug 2025.

## Builds on (most cited first, 20 of 20)

- [Adam: A Method for Stochastic Optimization](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1412.6980/) (2014)
- [SGDR: Stochastic Gradient Descent with Warm Restarts](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1608.03983/) (2016)
- [wav2vec 2.0: A Framework for Self-Supervised Learning of Speech Representations](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2006.11477/) (2020)
- [Xception: Deep Learning with Depthwise Separable Convolutions](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1610.02357/) (2016)
- [WavLM: Large-Scale Self-Supervised Pre-Training for Full Stack Speech Processing](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2110.13900/) (2021)
- [MediaPipe: A Framework for Building Perception Pipelines](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1906.08172/) (2019)
- [Conditional Variational Autoencoder with Adversarial Learning for End-to-End Text-to-Speech](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2106.06103/) (2021)
- [Temporal Convolutional Networks: A Unified Approach to Action Segmentation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1608.08242/) (2016)
- [ASVspoof 2019: Future Horizons in Spoofed and Fake Audio Detection](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1904.05441/) (2019)
- [ASVspoof 5: Crowdsourced Speech Data, Deepfakes, and Adversarial Attacks at Scale](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2408.08739/) (2024)
- [Spatiotemporal Inconsistency Learning for DeepFake Video Detection](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2109.01860/) (2021)
- [AV-Deepfake1M: A Large-Scale LLM-Driven Audio-Visual Deepfake Dataset](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2311.15308/) (2023)
- [STC Antispoofing Systems for the ASVspoof2019 Challenge](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1904.05576/) (2019)
- [Glitch in the Matrix: A Large Scale Benchmark for Content Driven Audio-Visual Forgery Detection and Localization](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2305.01979/) (2023)
- [UMMAFormer: A Universal Multimodal-adaptive Transformer Framework for Temporal Forgery Localization](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2308.14395/) (2023)
- [An Initial Investigation for Detecting Partially Spoofed Audio](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2104.02518/) (2021)
- [Multi-Task Learning in Utterance-Level and Segmental-Level Spoof Detection](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2107.14132/) (2021)
- [Exposing Lip-syncing Deepfakes from Mouth Inconsistencies](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2401.10113/) (2024)
- [TalkingHeadBench: A Multi-Modal Benchmark & Analysis of Talking-Head DeepFake Detection](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2505.24866/) (2025)
- [PartialEdit: Identifying Partial Deepfakes in the Era of Neural Speech Editing](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2506.02958/) (2025)

## Built on by (most cited first, 5 of 5)

- [Beyond Surface Artifacts: Capturing Shared Latent Forgery Knowledge Across Modalities](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2604.07763/) (2026)
- [Omni-Fake: Benchmarking Unified Multimodal Social Media Deepfake Detection](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2605.01638/) (2026)
- [Detecting AI-Generated Video: A Vision-Language Dual-View Survey](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2607.10787/) (2026)
- [Enhancing Self-Supervised Talking Head Forgery Detection via a Training-Free Dual-System Framework](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2605.03390/) (2026)
- [FinInvest-GTCN: Explainable Graph-Temporal-Causal Modeling for Risk-Aware Investment Decision Optimization](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2606.28933/) (2026)

## Abstract (arXiv)

The rapid development of audio-driven talking head generators and advanced Text-To-Speech (TTS) models has led to more sophisticated temporal deepfakes. These advances highlight the need for robust methods capable of detecting and localizing deepfakes, even under novel, unseen attack scenarios. Current state-of-the-art deepfake detectors, while accurate, are often computationally expensive and struggle to generalize to novel manipulation techniques. To address these challenges, we propose multimodal approaches for the AV-Deepfake1M 2025 challenge. For the visual modality, we leverage handcrafted features to improve interpretability and adaptability. For the audio modality, we adapt a self-supervised learning (SSL) backbone coupled with graph attention networks to capture rich audio representations, improving detection robustness. Our approach strikes a balance between performance and real-world deployment, focusing on resilience and potential interpretability. On the AV-Deepfake1M++ dataset, our multimodal system achieves AUC of 92.78% for deepfake classification task and IoU of 0.3536 for temporal localization using only the audio modality.