# Generative Flexible Latent Structure Regression (GFLSR) model

arXiv: https://arxiv.org/abs/2508.04393 · HTML: https://mlsanity.com/paper/2508.04393/

## Key facts

- No citing papers in the map yet (data through 14 Oct 2026).
- Builds on 8 of its 63 references that are in the map.
- First posted on arXiv 6 Aug 2025.

## Builds on (most cited first, 8 of 8)

- [Learning Relationships between Text, Audio, and Video via Deep Canonical Correlation for Multimodal Language Analysis](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1911.05544/) (2019)
- [PixelVAE: A Latent Variable Model for Natural Images](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1611.05013/) (2016)
- [Deep Generalized Canonical Correlation Analysis](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1702.02519/) (2017)
- [Category-Based Deep CCA for Fine-Grained Venue Discovery from Multimodal Data](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1805.02997/) (2018)
- [It Is Likely That Your Loss Should be a Likelihood](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2007.06059/) (2020)
- [Probabilistic partial least squares model: Identifiability, estimation and application](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1706.03597/) (2017)
- [On some limitations of probabilistic models for dimension-reduction: Illustration in the case of probabilistic formulations of partial least squares](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2005.09498/) (2020)
- [Predicting milk traits from spectral data using Bayesian probabilistic partial least squares regression](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2307.04457/) (2023)

## Abstract (arXiv)

Latent structure methods, specifically linear continuous latent structure methods, are a type of fundamental statistical learning strategy. They are widely used for dimension reduction, regression and prediction, in the fields of chemometrics, economics, social science and etc. However, due to the lack of model inference, generative form, and unidentifiable parameters, most of these methods are always used as an algorithm, instead of a model. This paper proposed a Generative Flexible Latent Structure Regression (GFLSR) model structure to address this problem. Moreover, we show that most linear continuous latent variable methods can be represented under the proposed framework. The recursive structure allows potential model inference and residual analysis. Then, the traditional Partial Least Squares (PLS) is focused; we show that the PLS can be specialised in the proposed model structure, named Generative-PLS. With a model structure, we analyse the convergence of the parameters and the latent variables. Under additional distribution assumptions, we show that the proposed model structure can lead to model inference without solving the probabilistic model. Additionally, we proposed a novel bootstrap algorithm that enables uncertainty on parameters and on prediction for new datasets. A simulation study and a Real-world dataset are used to verify the proposed Generative-PLS model structure. Although the traditional PLS is a special case, this proposed GFLSRM structure leads to a potential inference structure for all the linear continuous latent variable methods.