# A Foundation Model for DAS Signal Recognition and Visual Prompt Tuning of the Pre-trained Model for Downstream Tasks

arXiv: https://arxiv.org/abs/2508.04316 · HTML: https://mlsanity.com/paper/2508.04316/

## Key facts

- No citing papers in the map yet (data through 14 Oct 2026).
- Builds on 11 of its 67 references that are in the map.
- First posted on arXiv 6 Aug 2025.

## Builds on (most cited first, 11 of 11)

- [Masked Autoencoders Are Scalable Vision Learners](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2111.06377/) (2021)
- [On the Opportunities and Risks of Foundation Models](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2108.07258/) (2021)
- [The Power of Scale for Parameter-Efficient Prompt Tuning](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2104.08691/) (2021)
- [Visual Prompt Tuning](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2203.12119/) (2022)
- [Transformers in Vision: A Survey](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2101.01169/) (2021)
- [Towards artificial general intelligence via a multimodal foundation model](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2110.14378/) (2021)
- [Facing the Elephant in the Room: Visual Prompt Tuning or Full Finetuning?](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2401.12902/) (2024)
- [PEFT A2Z: Parameter-Efficient Fine-Tuning Survey for Large Language and Vision Models](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2504.14117/) (2025)
- [Dual Adaptive Pyramid Network for Cross-Stain Histopathology Image Segmentation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1909.11524/) (2019)
- [DenoMAE2.0: Improving Denoising Masked Autoencoders by Classifying Local Patches](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2502.18202/) (2025)
- [DAS-MAE: A self-supervised pre-training framework for universal and high-performance representation learning of distributed fiber-optic acoustic sensing](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2506.04552/) (2025)

## Abstract (arXiv)

Distributed Acoustic Sensing (DAS) technology finds growing applications across various domains. However, data distribution disparities due to heterogeneous sensing environments pose challenges for data-driven artificial intelligence (AI) models, limiting cross-domain generalization and facing a shortage of labeled training data. To address these issues, this study proposes a foundational model for DAS signal recognition based on a Masked Autoencoder, named MAEPD. The MAEPD model is pretrained on a dataset of 635,860 samples, encompassing DAS gait spatiotemporal signals, 2D GASF images for perimeter security, 2D time-frequency images for pipeline leakage, and open-dataset signals including whale vocalizations and seismic activities, using a self-supervised mask reconstruction task to capture deep semantic features of DAS signals. Visual Prompt Tuning (VPT) is employed for downstream recognition tasks. This method freezes the pretrained backbone parameters and fine-tunes only a small set of learnable visual prompt vectors inserted into the Transformer encoder layers. Experiments on the NVIDIA GeForce RTX 4080 Super platform validate MAEPD using indoor gait recognition as a downstream task. The VPT-Deep approach achieves a classification accuracy of 96.94% with just 0.322% of parameters fine-tuned, surpassing the traditional Full Fine Tuning (FFT) method by 0.61% and reducing training time by 45%. The model also exhibits robust performance in pipeline leakage detection, confirming the generality, efficiency, and scalability of MAEPD as a foundational model. This approach offers a novel paradigm for addressing the limited generalization of signal recognition models in the DAS domain.