# The KG-ER Conceptual Schema Language

arXiv: https://arxiv.org/abs/2508.02548 · HTML: https://mlsanity.com/paper/2508.02548/

## Key facts

- No citing papers in the map yet (data through 14 Oct 2026).
- Builds on 8 of its 32 references that are in the map.
- First posted on arXiv 4 Aug 2025.

## Builds on (most cited first, 8 of 8)

- [Knowledge Graphs](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2003.02320/) (2020)
- [A Survey of Knowledge Graph Reasoning on Graph Types: Static, Dynamic, and Multimodal](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2212.05767/) (2022)
- [PG-Schema: Schemas for Property Graphs](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2211.10962/) (2022)
- [A Review of SHACL: From Data Validation to Schema Reasoning for RDF Graphs](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2112.01441/) (2021)
- [Common Foundations for SHACL, ShEx, and PG-Schema](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2502.01295/) (2025)
- [GQL and SQL/PGQ: Theoretical Models and Expressive Power](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2409.01102/) (2024)
- [Knowledge Graphs: The Future of Data Integration and Insightful Discovery](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2502.15689/) (2024)
- [Threshold Queries in Theory and in the Wild](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2106.15703/) (2021)

## Abstract (arXiv)

We propose KG-ER, a conceptual schema language for knowledge graphs that describes the structure of knowledge graphs independently of their representation (relational databases, property graphs, RDF) while helping to capture the semantics of the information stored in a knowledge graph.