# "Harmless to You, Hurtful to Me!": Investigating the Detection of Toxic Languages Grounded in the Perspective of Youth

arXiv: https://arxiv.org/abs/2508.02094 · HTML: https://mlsanity.com/paper/2508.02094/

## Key facts

- Cited by 1 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026).
- Builds on 11 of its 56 references that are in the map.
- First posted on arXiv 4 Aug 2025.

## Builds on (most cited first, 11 of 11)

- [RoBERTa: A Robustly Optimized BERT Pretraining Approach](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1907.11692/) (2019)
- [DistilBERT, a distilled version of BERT: smaller, faster, cheaper and lighter](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1910.01108/) (2019)
- [Latent Hatred: A Benchmark for Understanding Implicit Hate Speech](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2109.05322/) (2021)
- [HateBERT: Retraining BERT for Abusive Language Detection in English](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2010.12472/) (2020)
- [Is ChatGPT better than Human Annotators? Potential and Limitations of ChatGPT in Explaining Implicit Hate Speech](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2302.07736/) (2023)
- [The Danger of Overthinking: Examining the Reasoning-Action Dilemma in Agentic Tasks](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2502.08235/) (2025)
- [RAH! RecSys-Assistant-Human: A Human-Centered Recommendation Framework with LLM Agents](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2308.09904/) (2023)
- [Exploring ChatGPT for Toxicity Detection in GitHub](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2312.13105/) (2023)
- [Hate Cannot Drive out Hate: Forecasting Conversation Incivility following Replies to Hate Speech](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2312.04804/) (2023)
- [DeMod: A Holistic Tool with Explainable Detection and Personalized Modification for Toxicity Censorship](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2411.01844/) (2024)
- [Towards Efficient and Explainable Hate Speech Detection via Model Distillation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2412.13698/) (2024)

## Built on by (most cited first, 1 of 1)

- [Power Echoes: Investigating Moderation Biases in Online Power-Asymmetric Conflicts](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2603.01457/) (2026)

## Abstract (arXiv)

Risk perception is subjective, and youth's understanding of toxic content differs from that of adults. Although previous research has conducted extensive studies on toxicity detection in social media, the investigation of youth's unique toxicity, i.e., languages perceived as nontoxic by adults but toxic as youth, is ignored. To address this gap, we aim to explore: 1) What are the features of ``youth-toxicity'' languages in social media (RQ1); 2) Can existing toxicity detection techniques accurately detect these languages (RQ2). For these questions, we took Chinese youth as the research target, constructed the first Chinese ``youth-toxicity'' dataset, and then conducted extensive analysis. Our results suggest that youth's perception of these is associated with several contextual factors, like the source of an utterance and text-related features. Incorporating these meta information into current toxicity detection methods significantly improves accuracy overall. Finally, we propose several insights into future research on youth-centered toxicity detection.