# PIF-Net: Ill-Posed Prior Guided Multispectral and Hyperspectral Image Fusion via Invertible Mamba and Fusion-Aware LoRA

arXiv: https://arxiv.org/abs/2508.00453 · HTML: https://mlsanity.com/paper/2508.00453/

## Key facts

- Cited by 1 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026).
- Placed in Hyperspectral image analysis with Mamba, one of 10 directions in State-space sequence models (S4, Mamba).
- Builds on 23 of its 55 references that are in the map.
- First posted on arXiv 1 Aug 2025.

## Placed in

- State-space sequence models (S4, Mamba) / [Hyperspectral image analysis with Mamba](https://mlsanity.com/ssm/hyperspectral-image-analysis-with-mamba/)

## Builds on (most cited first, 23 of 23)

- [Adam: A Method for Stochastic Optimization](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1412.6980/) (2014)
- [Squeeze-and-Excitation Networks](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1709.01507/) (2017)
- [Mamba: Linear-Time Sequence Modeling with Selective State Spaces](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2312.00752/) (2023)
- [Density estimation using Real NVP](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1605.08803/) (2016)
- [Glow: Generative Flow with Invertible 1x1 Convolutions](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1807.03039/) (2018)
- [Image Super-Resolution via Iterative Refinement](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2104.07636/) (2021)
- [ESRGAN: Enhanced Super-Resolution Generative Adversarial Networks](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1809.00219/) (2018)
- [NICE: Non-linear Independent Components Estimation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1410.8516/) (2014)
- [Generative Adversarial Networks: An Overview](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1710.07035/) (2017)
- [InternImage: Exploring Large-Scale Vision Foundation Models with Deformable Convolutions](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2211.05778/) (2022)
- [CDDFuse: Correlation-Driven Dual-Branch Feature Decomposition for Multi-Modality Image Fusion](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2211.14461/) (2022)
- [SRFlow: Learning the Super-Resolution Space with Normalizing Flow](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2006.14200/) (2020)
- [Large Kernel Matters -- Improve Semantic Segmentation by Global Convolutional Network](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1703.02719/) (2017)
- [Guided Image Generation with Conditional Invertible Neural Networks](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1907.02392/) (2019)
- [Invertible Image Rescaling](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2005.05650/) (2020)
- [SteganoGAN: High Capacity Image Steganography with GANs](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1901.03892/) (2019)
- [Structure-Preserving Deraining with Residue Channel Prior Guidance](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2108.09079/) (2021)
- [Hyperspectral and Multispectral Image Fusion based on a Sparse Representation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1409.5729/) (2014)
- [U2Net: A General Framework with Spatial-Spectral-Integrated Double U-Net for Image Fusion](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2212.06466/) (2022)
- [Hyperspectral Image Classification with Attention Aided CNNs](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2005.11977/) (2020)
- [Object Detection in Hyperspectral Image via Unified Spectral-Spatial Feature Aggregation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2306.08370/) (2023)
- [Super-resolution reconstruction of hyperspectral images via low rank tensor modeling and total variation regularization](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1601.06243/) (2016)
- [Prompt to Restore, Restore to Prompt: Cyclic Prompting for Universal Adverse Weather Removal](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2503.09013/) (2025)

## Built on by (most cited first, 1 of 1)

- [CoFusion: Multispectral and Hyperspectral Image Fusion via Spectral Coordinate Attention](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2604.10584/) (2026)

## Abstract (arXiv)

The goal of multispectral and hyperspectral image fusion (MHIF) is to generate high-quality images that simultaneously possess rich spectral information and fine spatial details. However, due to the inherent trade-off between spectral and spatial information and the limited availability of observations, this task is fundamentally ill-posed. Previous studies have not effectively addressed the ill-posed nature caused by data misalignment. To tackle this challenge, we propose a fusion framework named PIF-Net, which explicitly incorporates ill-posed priors to effectively fuse multispectral images and hyperspectral images. To balance global spectral modeling with computational efficiency, we design a method based on an invertible Mamba architecture that maintains information consistency during feature transformation and fusion, ensuring stable gradient flow and process reversibility. Furthermore, we introduce a novel fusion module called the Fusion-Aware Low-Rank Adaptation module, which dynamically calibrates spectral and spatial features while keeping the model lightweight. Extensive experiments on multiple benchmark datasets demonstrate that PIF-Net achieves significantly better image restoration performance than current state-of-the-art methods while maintaining model efficiency.