# Agentic Web: Weaving the Next Web with AI Agents

arXiv: https://arxiv.org/abs/2507.21206 · HTML: https://mlsanity.com/paper/2507.21206/

## Key facts

- Cited by 45 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026).
- Placed in Web, search, and research agents, one of 16 directions in LLM agents and tool use.
- Builds on 124 of its 270 references that are in the map.
- First posted on arXiv 28 Jul 2025.

## Placed in

- LLM agents and tool use / [Web, search, and research agents](https://mlsanity.com/agents/web-search-and-research-agents/)

## Builds on (most cited first, 30 of 124)

- [Attention Is All You Need](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1706.03762/) (2017)
- [GPT-4 Technical Report](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2303.08774/) (2023)
- [The Llama 3 Herd of Models](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2407.21783/) (2024)
- [LLaMA: Open and Efficient Foundation Language Models](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2302.13971/) (2023)
- [Llama 2: Open Foundation and Fine-Tuned Chat Models](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2307.09288/) (2023)
- [DeepSeek-R1: Incentivizing Reasoning Capability in LLMs via Reinforcement Learning](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2501.12948/) (2025)
- [GPT-4o System Card](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2410.21276/) (2024)
- [Qwen Technical Report](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2309.16609/) (2023)
- [RT-2: Vision-Language-Action Models Transfer Web Knowledge to Robotic Control](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2307.15818/) (2023)
- [OpenVLA: An Open-Source Vision-Language-Action Model](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2406.09246/) (2024)
- [PaLM-E: An Embodied Multimodal Language Model](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2303.03378/) (2023)
- [RT-1: Robotics Transformer for Real-World Control at Scale](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2212.06817/) (2022)
- [WebArena: A Realistic Web Environment for Building Autonomous Agents](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2307.13854/) (2023)
- [AutoGen: Enabling Next-Gen LLM Applications via Multi-Agent Conversation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2308.08155/) (2023)
- [ToolLLM: Facilitating Large Language Models to Master 16000+ Real-world APIs](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2307.16789/) (2023)
- [MetaGPT: Meta Programming for A Multi-Agent Collaborative Framework](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2308.00352/) (2023)
- [WebGPT: Browser-assisted question-answering with human feedback](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2112.09332/) (2021)
- [Concrete Problems in AI Safety](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1606.06565/) (2016)
- [GR00T N1: An Open Foundation Model for Generalist Humanoid Robots](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2503.14734/) (2025)
- [Llama Guard: LLM-based Input-Output Safeguard for Human-AI Conversations](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2312.06674/) (2023)
- [ALFWorld: Aligning Text and Embodied Environments for Interactive Learning](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2010.03768/) (2020)
- [Self-Attentive Sequential Recommendation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1808.09781/) (2018)
- [Neural Collaborative Filtering](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1708.05031/) (2017)
- [Red Teaming Language Models with Language Models](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2202.03286/) (2022)
- [Beyond Accuracy: Behavioral Testing of NLP models with CheckList](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2005.04118/) (2020)
- [BERT4Rec: Sequential Recommendation with Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformer](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1904.06690/) (2019)
- [Gemini: A Family of Highly Capable Multimodal Models](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2312.11805/) (2023)
- [Open X-Embodiment: Robotic Learning Datasets and RT-X Models](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2310.08864/) (2023)
- [DeepSeek-V3 Technical Report](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2412.19437/) (2024)
- [Adversarial NLI: A New Benchmark for Natural Language Understanding](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1910.14599/) (2019)

## Built on by (most cited first, 30 of 45)

- [Memento: Fine-tuning LLM Agents without Fine-tuning LLMs](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2508.16153/) (2025)
- [A Survey of Agentic Reasoning for Large Language Models: Towards Recursively Self-Improving and Collective Agents](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2601.12538/) (2026)
- [AgenticPay: A Multi-Agent LLM Negotiation System for Buyer-Seller Transactions](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2602.06008/) (2026)
- [From Model Scaling to System Scaling: Scaling the Harness in Agentic AI](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2605.26112/) (2026)
- [BetaWeb: Towards a Blockchain-enabled Trustworthy Agentic Web](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2508.13787/) (2025)
- [When Bots Take the Bait: Exposing and Mitigating the Emerging Social Engineering Attack in Web Automation Agent](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2601.07263/) (2026)
- [ACE-Router: Generalizing History-Aware Routing from MCP Tools to the Agent Web](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2601.08276/) (2026)
- [Agentic Services Computing](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2509.24380/) (2025)
- [UFO3: Weaving the Digital Agent Galaxy](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2511.11332/) (2025)
- [Toward a Safe Internet of Agents](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2512.00520/) (2025)
- [Memento 2: Learning by Stateful Reflective Memory](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2512.22716/) (2025)
- [MonoScale: Scaling Multi-Agent System with Monotonic Improvement](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2601.23219/) (2026)
- [Long Context, Less Focus: A Scaling Gap in LLMs Revealed through Privacy and Personalization](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2602.15028/) (2026)
- [InfoSeeker: A Scalable Hierarchical Parallel Agent Framework for Web Information Seeking](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2604.02971/) (2026)
- [Insured Agents: A Decentralized Trust Insurance Mechanism for Agentic Economy](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2512.08737/) (2025)
- [Auditing Preferences for Brands and Cultures in LLMs](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2603.18300/) (2026)
- [AgentWebBench: Benchmarking Multi-Agent Coordination in Agentic Web](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2604.10938/) (2026)
- [Dissociative Identity: Language Model Agents Lack Grounding for Reputation Mechanisms](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2605.30169/) (2026)
- [ALLOY: Generating Reusable Agent Workflows from User Demonstration](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2510.10049/) (2025)
- [SPILLage: Agentic Oversharing on the Web](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2602.13516/) (2026)
- [AWCP: A Workspace Delegation Protocol for Deep-Engagement Collaboration across Remote Agents](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2602.20493/) (2026)
- [Broken Gates: Re-evaluating Web Bot Defenses in the Age of LLM Agents](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2607.18659/) (2026)
- [Throttling Web Agents Using Reasoning Gates](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2509.01619/) (2025)
- [EnvX: Agentize Everything with Agentic AI](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2509.08088/) (2025)
- [Ripple Effect Protocol: Coordinating Agent Populations](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2510.16572/) (2025)
- [SoDA: An Efficient Interaction Paradigm for the Agentic Web](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2512.22135/) (2025)
- [DeepXiv-SDK: An Agentic Data Interface for Scientific Literature](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2603.00084/) (2026)
- [Synergy: A Next-Generation General-Purpose Agent for Open Agentic Web](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2603.28428/) (2026)
- [WebUncertainty: Dual-Level Uncertainty Driven Planning and Reasoning For Autonomous Web Agent](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2604.17821/) (2026)
- [GRAIL: A Deep-Granularity Hybrid Resonance Framework for Real-Time Agent Discovery via SLM-Enhanced Indexing](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2605.02489/) (2026)

## Abstract (arXiv)

The emergence of AI agents powered by large language models (LLMs) marks a pivotal shift toward the Agentic Web, a new phase of the internet defined by autonomous, goal-driven interactions. In this paradigm, agents interact directly with one another to plan, coordinate, and execute complex tasks on behalf of users. This transition from human-driven to machine-to-machine interaction allows intent to be delegated, relieving users from routine digital operations and enabling a more interactive, automated web experience. In this paper, we present a structured framework for understanding and building the Agentic Web. We trace its evolution from the PC and Mobile Web eras and identify the core technological foundations that support this shift. Central to our framework is a conceptual model consisting of three key dimensions: intelligence, interaction, and economics. These dimensions collectively enable the capabilities of AI agents, such as retrieval, recommendation, planning, and collaboration. We analyze the architectural and infrastructural challenges involved in creating scalable agentic systems, including communication protocols, orchestration strategies, and emerging paradigms such as the Agent Attention Economy. We conclude by discussing the potential applications, societal risks, and governance issues posed by agentic systems, and outline research directions for developing open, secure, and intelligent ecosystems shaped by both human intent and autonomous agent behavior. A continuously updated collection of relevant studies for agentic web is available at: https://github.com/SafeRL-Lab/agentic-web.