# MountainLion: A Multi-Modal LLM-Based Agent System for Interpretable and Adaptive Financial Trading

arXiv: https://arxiv.org/abs/2507.20474 · HTML: https://mlsanity.com/paper/2507.20474/

## Key facts

- Cited by 2 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026).
- Placed in Financial trading and forecasting agents, one of 16 directions in LLM agents and tool use.
- Builds on 8 of its 31 references that are in the map.
- First posted on arXiv 13 Jul 2025.

## Placed in

- LLM agents and tool use / [Financial trading and forecasting agents](https://mlsanity.com/agents/financial-trading-and-forecasting-agents/)

## Builds on (most cited first, 8 of 8)

- [Retrieval-Augmented Generation for Knowledge-Intensive NLP Tasks](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2005.11401/) (2020)
- [Knowledge Graphs](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2003.02320/) (2020)
- [Graph Retrieval-Augmented Generation: A Survey](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2408.08921/) (2024)
- [Bidirectional Attention Flow for Machine Comprehension](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1611.01603/) (2016)
- [Financial Time Series Forecasting with Deep Learning : A Systematic Literature Review: 2005-2019](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1911.13288/) (2019)
- [FinBERT: A Pretrained Language Model for Financial Communications](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2006.08097/) (2020)
- [Bitcoin Volatility Forecasting with a Glimpse into Buy and Sell Orders](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1802.04065/) (2018)
- [Deep Portfolio Theory](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1605.07230/) (2016)

## Built on by (most cited first, 2 of 2)

- [SHARP: A Self-Evolving Human-Auditable Rubric Policy for Financial Trading Agents](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2605.06822/) (2026)
- [AlgoEvolve: LLM-driven Meta-evolution of Algorithmic Trading Programs](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2606.26173/) (2026)

## Abstract (arXiv)

Cryptocurrency trading is a challenging task requiring the integration of heterogeneous data from multiple modalities. Traditional deep learning and reinforcement learning approaches typically demand large training datasets and encode diverse inputs into numerical representations, often at the cost of interpretability. Recent progress in large language model (LLM)-based agents has demonstrated the capacity to process multi-modal data and support complex investment decision-making. Building on these advances, we present MountainLion, a multi-modal, multi-agent system for financial trading that coordinates specialized LLM-based agents to interpret financial data and generate investment strategies. MountainLion processes textual news, candlestick charts, and trading signal charts to produce high-quality financial reports, while also enabling modification of reports and investment recommendations through data-driven user interaction and question answering. A central reflection module analyzes historical trading signals and outcomes to continuously refine decision processes, and the system is capable of real-time report analysis, summarization, and dynamic adjustment of investment strategies. Empirical results confirm that MountainLion systematically enriches technical price triggers with contextual macroeconomic and capital flow signals, providing a more interpretable, robust, and actionable investment framework that improves returns and strengthens investor confidence.