# Text-to-SPARQL Goes Beyond English: Multilingual Question Answering Over Knowledge Graphs through Human-Inspired Reasoning

arXiv: https://arxiv.org/abs/2507.16971 · HTML: https://mlsanity.com/paper/2507.16971/

## Key facts

- No citing papers in the map yet (data through 14 Oct 2026).
- Placed in Knowledge- and tool-augmented reasoning, one of 17 directions in LLM reasoning.
- Builds on 8 of its 37 references that are in the map.
- First posted on arXiv 22 Jul 2025.

## Placed in

- LLM reasoning / [Knowledge- and tool-augmented reasoning](https://mlsanity.com/lr/knowledge-and-tool-augmented-reasoning/)

## Builds on (most cited first, 8 of 8)

- [MTEB: Massive Text Embedding Benchmark](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2210.07316/) (2022)
- [An Empirical Study of Catastrophic Forgetting in Large Language Models During Continual Fine-tuning](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2308.08747/) (2023)
- [Multilingual E5 Text Embeddings: A Technical Report](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2402.05672/) (2024)
- [KG-Agent: An Efficient Autonomous Agent Framework for Complex Reasoning over Knowledge Graph](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2402.11163/) (2024)
- [MetaAgents: Large Language Model Based Agents for Decision-Making on Teaming](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2310.06500/) (2023)
- [QueryAgent: A Reliable and Efficient Reasoning Framework with Environmental Feedback-based Self-Correction](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2403.11886/) (2024)
- [Interactive-KBQA: Multi-Turn Interactions for Knowledge Base Question Answering with Large Language Models](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2402.15131/) (2024)
- [MST5 -- Multilingual Question Answering over Knowledge Graphs](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2407.06041/) (2024)

## Abstract (arXiv)

Accessing knowledge via multilingual natural-language interfaces is one of the emerging challenges in the field of information retrieval and related ones. Structured knowledge stored in knowledge graphs can be queried via a specific query language (e.g., SPARQL). Therefore, one needs to transform natural-language input into a query to fulfill an information need. Prior approaches mostly focused on combining components (e.g., rule-based or neural-based) that solve downstream tasks and come up with an answer at the end. We introduce mKGQAgent, a human-inspired framework that breaks down the task of converting natural language questions into SPARQL queries into modular, interpretable subtasks. By leveraging a coordinated LLM agent workflow for planning, entity linking, and query refinement - guided by an experience pool for in-context learning - mKGQAgent efficiently handles multilingual KGQA. Evaluated on the DBpedia- and Corporate-based KGQA benchmarks within the Text2SPARQL challenge 2025, our approach took first place among the other participants. This work opens new avenues for developing human-like reasoning systems in multilingual semantic parsing.